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Aural Rehabilitation (SHS 496) > Cochlear Implants > Flashcards

Cochlear Implants Flashcards

1
Q

What year did Cochlear Implants receive FDA approval?

A

1984

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2
Q

Who was the pioneer of CIs and responsible for the initial research? What is named for him?

A

Dr. William House

House Ear Institute

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3
Q

What are the 2 Main divisions of a Cochlear Implant?

A

Exterior (Speech Processor/Mic/Transmitter)

Interior “Internal Electronic Package” (Receiver/Electrode Array)

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4
Q

How many companies make Cochlear Implants?

What are they?

A

3;
Advanced Bionics Corporation
Chochlear Corporation
MedEl Corporation

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5
Q

What is a cochlear implant?

A

An advanced electronic device that is designed to provide functional hearing to individuals with severe to profound hearing loss

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6
Q

Where is the Internal Electronic Package implanted?

A

Implanted under skin, posterior to ear on the side of the head

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7
Q

T/F Cochlear Implant surgery is an outpatient surgery

A

T

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8
Q

Type of plastic that the human body does not reject; used in CIs

A

Cylastic

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9
Q

Where is the electrode array inserted?

A

Into the cochlea;
not all the way to the apex (won’t fit)
scala vestibuli

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10
Q

T/F All models of Cochlear Implants have different components.

A

F. All implants have the same basic components but differ in how the features are implemented.

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11
Q

What part of a CI does the speech coding?

A

External speech processor

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12
Q

What component decodes the signal from the speech processor? Where is it located?

A

The Receiver.

It is implanted beneath the skin.

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13
Q

What component converts the code to an electrical signal and stimulates nerve fibers in the cochlea?

A

Electrode Array

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14
Q

What does the receiver receive sound from? Where is it located?

A 
The Transmitter (coil on the outside of Skin)
It is held to the outside of the head, opposite the receiver, with a rare earth magnet.
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15
Q

What type of transmission does the Transmitter on a CI use?

A

FM

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16
Q

What is one limitation to CI users with respect to the transmitter magnet?

A

An implanted individual cannot have an MRI; it can dislodge and harm the CI and/or the user.

17
Q

Low frequencies are processed at the apex and high frequencies are processed towards the base of the cochlea. Different frequencies have different “homes” along the cochlea.

A

Tonotopic Organization of the Cochlea

18
Q

How does a Cochlear Implant work? (5)

A
  1. Sounds from environment captured by mic and sent to speech processor
  2. Signal is processed into distinct code
  3. Transmitter coil sends coded info as FM signal across the skin to the implant receiver
  4. Electrode array receives signal and stimulates nerve fibers
  5. Signal is delivered to the brain for interpretation
19
Q

What must be intact in order for a CI to function?

A

Cochlear Connection to Auditory Nerve

20
Q

What powers a Cochlear Implant? Where?

A

A battery inside of the speech processor. There is no battery implanted in the head.

21
Q

What was the criteria for the first Cochlear Implant patients?

A

50% or less SRT
Progressive, acquired loss
Adults

22
Q

By what age should children be implanted? Why?

A

Age 7. The brain will begin to re-assign synapses for processing, so it is imperative that a child begin to hear prior to that happening.

23
Q

T/F: A cochlear implant amplifies the acoustic signal.

A

False. A cochlear implant directly stimulates the auditory nerve. There is no acoustic amplification.

24
Q

Why don’t HAs help a patient who has extensive hair cell damage?

A

There is nothing to stimulate, even if the sound is amplified.

25
Q

What is the common task of ALL Cochlear Implant Systems?

A

To convert the acoustic input signal into an electrical pattern that yields speech clarity and allows for SPEECH RECOGNITION

26
Q

Program (computer) that is created for a patient after cochlear implantation

A

MAP

27
Q

About how long must an implanted patient wait after implantation before the audiologist can create a MAP?

A

About 4 weeks.

Swelling that might create space between the magnets must go down.

28
Q

How many electrodes does Dr. Dorman believe are sufficient?

A

7

29
Q

What are the 3 parameters for sound processing when creating a MAP?

A

Frequency
Amplitude
Time

30
Q

How is the frequency determined for CI processing?

A

Site of electrode

31
Q

How is the amplitude determined for CI processing?

A

Amount of electrical current

32
Q

How is the temporal pattern determined for CI processing?

A

Coded by rate; fast, medium, slow, one at a time, in concert, etc.

33
Q

T/F The better ear should always be the one implanted with a CI.

A

False. There are arguments for implanting the better or the worse.

34
Q

Cochlear Implant on one ear, Hearing Aid on the other ear

A

Bimodal

35
Q

T/F: It is possible for the brain to process and integrate two different types of signals coming from different ears.

A

True. Binaural interaction is possible.

36
Q

What might constitute a “failure” in cochlear implantation?

A

Patients who continue to require visual cues and closed-set understanding to discriminate speech

37
Q

What are the criteria for Cochlear Implantation in adults?

A

18+ years of age
pre/postlinguistic
bilateral moderate to profound SNHL
Aided scores on open set sentence test: less than 50% in the ear to be implanted; less than 60% in the contralateral ear

38
Q

What are the criteria for Cochlear Implantation in children?

A

12 months of age or older (exception meningitis)
Bilateral Severe to Profound SNHL
No Medical or Radiologic Contraindications
Lack of benefit from HAs (one year’s progress in one year’s time)

39
Q

Factors that may affect CI Success in congenitally deaf pediatric patients

A

Pre-Implant Thresholds
Age when amplification was initiated
Amount of Aural Habilitation
Age at Implantation

Aural Rehabilitation (SHS 496) (6 decks)

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