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Aural Rehabilitation (SHS 496) > AR Overview & Review of Hearing Assessment > Flashcards

AR Overview & Review of Hearing Assessment Flashcards

Preparation for Exam 1 on 10/10/13

1
Q

What are the two goals of AR?

A

Alleviate the difficulties related to HL

Minimize its consequences

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2
Q

How smoothly conversation flows

A

Conversational Fluency

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3
Q

A hearing-related disability is a loss of _______ imposed by hearing loss and is a ______________ phenomenon.

A

function; multidimensional

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4
Q

WHO

A

World Health Organization

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5
Q

Persons with hearing impairment should be considered in terms of their __________________ and their ______________________.

A

Activity Limitations; Participation Restrictions

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6
Q

Persons with whom another often converses, such as a family member

A

Frequent Communication Partners

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7
Q

Term used to refer to AR when the person receiving the services is a child

A

Aural Habilitation

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8
Q

Term often used synonomously with Aural R; it may entail greater emphasis on the provision and follow-up of listening devices and less emphasis on communication strategies and speechreading.

A

Audiologic Rehabilitation

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9
Q

Who might provide AR?

A

Audiologist
Speech-Language Pathologist
Teacher for deaf and hard of hearing children

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10
Q

Four Parameters for Categorizing HL

A

Degree
Onset
Causation
Time Course

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11
Q

Degree of HL is often defined by what?

A

Pure-Tone Average

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12
Q

PTA

A

Pure Tone Average

The average of the individual’s pure-tone frequency thresholds at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz

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13
Q

The extent of the HL at each frequency; it gives an overall description of the HL.

A

Configuration

e.g., bilateral, unilateral, symmetrical, high frequency, flat, sloping, rising, etc.

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14
Q

Having a HL; usually not used to refer to a profound HL.

A

Hard of Hearing

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15
Q

Having a profound HL; minimal or no hearing

A

Deaf

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16
Q

HL present at birth

A

Congenital HL

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17
Q

HL incurred after birth

A

Acquired HL

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18
Q

HL acquired during the stag of acquiring spoken language

A

Perilingual

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19
Q

HL incurred after the acquisition of spoken language

A

Postlingual (typically begins around the age of 5 years)

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20
Q

3 types (causation) of HL

A

Conductive
Sensorineural
Mixed

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21
Q

HL due to an obstruction in either the outer or middle ear that prevents sound from reaching the sensorineural structures in the inner ear

A

Conductive HL

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22
Q

HL that stems from a disturbance in the inner ear, eighth nerve, brain stem, midbrain or auditory cortex

A

Sensorineural HL

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23
Q

A child that has a congenital SNHL then suffers a bout of otitis media may have what type of HL?

A

Mixed HL

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24
Q

HL that occurs and increases over the course of several months or years

A

Progressive HL

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25
Q

HL with an acute and rapid onset, such as with a head injury

A

Sudden HL

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26
Q

Group of patients in need of but not receiving services

A

Unserved Population

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27
Q

Group of patients receiving less than ideal services

A

Underserved Population

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28
Q

EBP

A

Evidence-Based Practice

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29
Q

EBP involves decision making based on _______ ___________ and critical examination of current and past _______________.

A

scientific evidence; practices

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30
Q

The amount or type of benefit experienced by either an individual or a group of individuals to a treatment or series of treatments, and/or indicates a response

A

Outcome Measure

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31
Q

3 Components of EBP

A

Current Best Evidence
Clinical Expertise
Patient Values

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32
Q

Comparing participants who have been randomly assigned to receive a test treatment to participants who receive no such treatment

A

Randomized Controlled Trial

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33
Q

5 Step Approach to EBP

A
  1. Ask a Straightforward Question
  2. Find Best Evidence to Answer Question
  3. Critically Assess the Evidence (does it apply to your patient and is it credible?)
  4. Integrate Evidence with Clinical Judgement and Patient Values and Needs
  5. Evaluate the performance after having implemented your plan.
34
Q

Speech Recognition/Speech Perception

A

How well people use auditory and/or visual information to understand spoken messages.

35
Q

Speech Recognition Testing

A

Assessing how well an individual can recognize speech units (phonemes, words, sentences)

36
Q

T/F

An audiogram alone adequately portrays the communication difficulties an individual with HL may experience

A

F.
Speech recognition measurement is an important element in assessing how hearing loss affects an individual’s life and interactions.

37
Q

4 Variables to Consider when Assessing Speech Recognition

A
  1. Purpose
  2. Patient Variables
  3. Stimuli Units
  4. Test Procedures
38
Q

Audiogram

A

A graphic representation of hearing thresholds as a function of stimulus frequency.

39
Q

Audiometer

A

An instrument for measuring hearing sensitivity for a range of frequencies. Pure tones are presented.

40
Q

Threshold

A

The level at which sound can be detected only 50% of the time

41
Q

What does an “A” refer to when seen on an audiogram?

A

An aided threshold; how the patient hears when wearing a hearing aid. (R and L denote right or left ear amplification.)

42
Q

What does a “C” denote on an audiogram?

A

A threshold when the patient is wearing a cochlear implant.

43
Q

PTA

A

Pure Tone Average,

An average of the hearing thresholds for the frequencies of 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz.

44
Q

6 Descriptors Used to Denote Degree of Hearing Loss

A 
Normal
Mild 
Moderate
Moderate to Severe
Severe
Profound
45
Q

Normal Hearing

A

The PTA is 25 dB HL or better in adults or 20 dB HL or better in children

46
Q

Mild Hearing Loss

A

The PTA is between 26 and 40 dB HL

47
Q

Moderate Hearing Loss

A

The PTA is between 41 and 55 db HL

48
Q

Moderate to Severe Hearing Loss

A

The PTA is between 56 and 70 dB HL

49
Q

Sever Hearing Loss

A

The PTA is between 71 and 90 dB HL

50
Q

Profound Hearing Loss

A

The PTA is poorer than 90 dB HL

51
Q

Flat Configuration

A

Thresholds are within a 20-dB range of each other across the span of the frequencies tested

52
Q

High-Frequency Configuration

A

Thresholds are within normal range for the low and mid frequencies, but decline for the higher frequencies.

53
Q

Precipitous and Sloping Configurations

A

Precipitous is when the HL grows in at least 20 dB increments. Sloping is when the higher frequencies are simply 20 dB or poorer than the low.

54
Q

Low-Frequency Configuration

A

Thresholds are lowered for the low frequencies bu are within normal range for the mid- and higher frequencies.

55
Q

Saucer-Shaped Configuration

A

The HL is confined to the mid frequencies.

56
Q

Where does most of the acoustic information that contributes to speech recognition lie?

A

In the frequency band of 1000 Hz to 3000 Hz.

57
Q

SRT

A

Speech Recognition Threshold:

The lowest presentation level for spondee words at which 50% can be identified correctly.

58
Q

Spondees

A

Two-syllable words spoken with equal stress on each syllable.

59
Q

Speech Recognition (Speech Discrimination) Score

A

The percentage of monosyllabic words presented at a comfortable listening level that can be correctly repeated.

60
Q

MCL

A

Most Comfortable Loudness level:

The level at which sound is most comfortable for a listener

61
Q

UCL

A

Uncomfortable Loudness Level:

The level at which sound becomes uncomfortably loud for a listener.

62
Q

Dynamic Range for speech

A

The difference in dBs between a person’s threshold for just being able to detect speech (SRT) and the person’s threshold for uncomfortable listening.

63
Q

Testing with a loudspeaker is referred to as what?

A

Sound Field Testing

64
Q

The means used by a sender to share information with a receiver (speech, sign, writing, etc.) is referred to as

A

Communication Mode

65
Q

Phoneme stimuli are also referred to as ________

A

Nonsense syllables

66
Q

What is one advantage of using phoneme stimuli?

A

Performance is relatively independent of an individual’s vocabulary level.

67
Q

What is the disadvantage of using phoneme stimuli?

A

Poor face validity (phonemes do not require individuals to organize streams of information into meaning the way words do)

68
Q

What is the most commonly used stimuli for assessing speech recognition?

A

monolyllabic words

69
Q

A PB word list presents what?

A

A phonetically balanced word list presents a set of words that contain the speech sounds with the same frequency in which they occur in everyday conversations

70
Q

A set of words that are acoustically similar and have approximately the same frequency of occurrence is referred to as

A

An Acoustic Lexical Neighborhood

71
Q

In which type of lexical neighborhood is it typically more difficult to recognize a word?

A

Dense Lexical Neighborhood (cat, mat, sat, fat)

72
Q

In which type of lexical neighborhood is it typically easier to recognize words?

A

Sparse Lexical Neighborhood (thumb, tea, lost)

73
Q

T/F: Word stimuli generally are more difficult to recognize than phrase or simple sentence stimuli.

A

True.

74
Q

What three features do sentences have that contribute to their high face validity?

A

Prosodic Cues
Contextual Information
Coarticulation

75
Q

What is one disadvantage of using sentence stimuli?

A

Performance can be influenced by linguistic knowledge and familiarity with the topic.

76
Q

What are the three considerations for assessing speech recognition?

A
  1. Test Condition
  2. Response Format
  3. Live Voice or Recorded Test Materials
77
Q

What might be introduced to increase the difficulty of the listening task or to gain a better understanding of how the person performs int he real world?

A

Noise

talker babble, white noise

78
Q

SNR

A

Signal to Noise Ratio: The difference between the sound level of the signal and the sound level of the noise.

79
Q

The difference or ratio between speech recognition performance in a vision-only condition and an audition-plus-vision condition is referred to as

A

Speechreading Enhancement

80
Q

A stimulus-response set that does not provide choices

A

Open-set

81
Q

A stimulus-response set that contains a fixed number of items known to the patient

A

Closed-set

Aural Rehabilitation (SHS 496) (6 decks)

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