Coasts - Odisha Case Study Flashcards
What is an ICZM?
A continuous and iterative process designed to promote sustainable management of coastal zones.
Where is Odisha?
South east coast of India, bordering the Bay of Bengal.
How is big Odisha?
India’s 9th largest state by area and 11th by population.
What is the environment of Odisha like?
Has a wide variety of coastal and marine flora and fauna including mangroves, sea grasses and sand dunes. There are also large stocks of fish, marine animals and reptiles
What opportunities for human occupation and development are there in Odisha?
- Large fish stocks
- Huge potential for offshore wind and tidal/wave power
- 35% of the coast is ladened with minerals and heavy metal deposits
- Oil and natural gas offshore
- Tourism - beaches, wildlife, sanctuaries and archaeological sites
What risks are there for human occupation and development?
Vulnerability of coastal communities - storm surges, tsunamis, climate change and rising sea levels.
What was the shoreline assessment in Odisha?
1) Attempting to halt processes with sea walls and hard structures would mean the problems would shift down drift.
2) Without the sediment transport, beaches, dunes, barrier beaches, salt marshes and estuaries would be threatened and disappear as they are starved of sand.
How much of Odisha’s coastline is eroding and how much is stable?
36.8% eroding and 14.4% stable.
How has human intervention affected the coast?
Human intervention has interfered with sediment transfer and has destablished patterns of wave energy. It has also exacerbated erosion in some areas.
When was Odisha’s biggest cyclone?
1999 was the strongest every cyclone in the Indian Ocean, killing over 10,000 people and was the strongest ever recorded in the northern Indian Ocean.
What does Odisha’s ICZM aim to do?
1) Establish sustainable levels of economic and social activity.
2) Resolve environmental, social and economic challenges.
3) Protect coastal environments.
Who is Odisha’s ICZM scheme a joint project with?
- Ministry of Forest and Environment
- Indian Government
- The World Bank
- Odisha’s Government
What are the 6 major issues identified at Odisha’s coast?
1) Coastal erosion
2) Assessing vulnerability to disaster
3) Biodiversity conservation
4) Livelihood security e.g. fishing
5) Pollution and environmental quality management
6) Conservation of cultural assets.
Why are Wetlands International trying to reverse mangrove destruction?
It is a sustainable and appropriate coastal management scheme, helping prevent and protect against cyclones, storm surges and tsunamis. They are doing this by helping villagers cultivate and plant mangroves.
What area of mangroves were planted in Odisha?
1435 square km
Why were mangroves necessary?
Mangroves provide habitats for endangered species such as the Olive Ridley turtle, as well as protecting the coast from erosion.
When was the ICZM pilot project?
2010-2015
How long is the Odisha coastline?
480km
How do mangroves reduce wave damage?
Mangroves reduce the height and energy of wind and swell waves passing through them, reducing their ability to erode sediments and cause damage to structures such as sea walls.
How do mangroves reduce erosion and bind soil together?
The mangrove vegetation reduces wave energy and slows the flow of water over the soil surface, reducing the water’s capacity to dislodge sediments and carry them out of the mangrove area. At the same time the slower water flows can allow already suspended sediments to settle out from the water, resulting in increased deposition of sediment.
