Coasts KQ4 Flashcards
What does an integrated management plan need to consider?
Coastal processes
Demands from wildlife, agriculture, recreation, settlements and industry
Sustainability in the future
Planning is concerned with the development of strategies that aim to…
Develop resources Segregate conflicts Maximise benefits Minimise costs ALL IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY
What is management concerned with?
The implementation of strategies such as building coastal defences in order to protect a stretch of coastline.
Why is successful management so difficult to do?
Conflicts
Problems are not tackled quickly enough
Lack of control - DEFRA has overall control the Environment Agency has the technical know-how and the Local Government has the local knowledge and knows how to please residents.
What is the shoreline management plan?
Examines the risks of processes and suggests how to manage these risks.
What does the shoreline management plan include?
Sediment cells - where sediment moves within
Within each cell they identify the economic/environmental assets, assess issues/conflicts and propose the defence plan.
What does DEFRA criteria include?
Hold the line - maintain the existing defences
Advance the line - building new defences
Managed retreat - allow flooding but monitor it
No active intervention - no investment
What is the the Integrated Coastal Zone Management Scheme?
This plan includes the whole coastal area for example…
Habitat destruction / pollution / declining fish stocks / biodiversity / economic decline / social deprivation / sustainable development
What the schemes need to consider before they are implemented?
Cost benefit analysis - the economic / social / environmental costs and benefits to the scheme
Environmental impact assessment - impact of a project so that any damage can be controlled and minimised.
Case study example of a coastal management scheme?
Holkham Nature Reserve - 500,000 visitor p/a
How was pressure managed? Zonation - zoning off areas to recover then swapping - Flooding - the marshes to allow birds to migrate there - Boardwalks - to help prevent visitors damaging habitats through walking on them - Building - houses to help provide an income to fund the protection and visitor facilities to attract more visitors to help fund it.
Explain the Norfolk Shoreline Management plan?
Split into short/medium/long term. In ST it is concentrating on “holding the line” to protect settlements. In MT it is concentrating on “managed realignment” this will continue through LT until i
The shoreline has reached its natural position it would be at if there was no protection. The beach will then widen and eventually groynes and other similar measures can be put in place.
What is the constitutional monarchy?
The Al. Maktoum family control the wealth of the country and try to diversify their economy and diverts money to the Sovereign investment fund and invests it around the world.
How many dollars is in the Dubai Sovereign wealth funds (2012)?
$70 billion
How much of the world reserves of gas and oil does Dubai have?
- 01% of the gas
0. 2% of the oil
How have they tried to diversify the economy of Dubai?
Their port - Jebel Ali is the 2nd largest man-made port in the world
Free trade zones have been created - Dubai Internet and Media cities and the Dubai Knowledge Village have attracted TNC’s like Microsoft.
Landmark mega projects like the Burj Dubai
