Coasts Kq2 Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

What are fisheries and aquaculture

A

Fisheries are areas where fish are bred and raised to meet the growing demands for fish.
Aquaculture is the farming of fish in cages or ponds close to coasts.
33% of worlds fish supply comes from fisheries.
Eg: Ca Mau, Vietnam which produces shrimp.
60,000 Ha of mangroves are cleared to create fish ponds.
Production in 2010 reached US800 million.

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2
Q

Housing and transportation

A

Kukup, Malaysia- floating fish farms and stilt house communities
Local transport by ferrys and boats.
It has now become a tourist attraction which is the main source of income for the community.

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3
Q

Tourism and recreation

A

Coastal areas are places of scenic beauty where ppl visit.
Tourism at coastal areas makes up the most important component of international tourism
Eg Sentosa.

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4
Q

Where are coral reefs found

A

Found in shallow tropical and sub-tropical coastal waters between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer.
Throughout the islands of SEA, australia and the Pacific islands.

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5
Q

Overcollection of corals

A

For personal or commercial use
The over collection of corals weakens them and disrupts the coral ecosystem, making them more vulnerable to threats
Eg Philippines.

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6
Q

Dynamite blasting and the use of cyanide to stun fish

A

Coral reef habitat is destroyed

Eg: Philippine and Indonesia

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7
Q

Spearfishing

A

The selective depletion of the fish population can affect the ecosystem food chain eg: parrot fish eta algae which could hinder coral reef growth.
Belize Bonaire, the Netherlands

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8
Q

Recreational use of coast

A

Tourism activities such as the unplanned expansion of coastal resorts and teh anchoring of boats.
Sewage waste discharged into water and oil spills from boats pollutes the water, stressing the corals and the anchoring of boats can damage corals.
Eg Sri Lanka

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9
Q

Coastal development:reclamation of and extension of land by dumping sand and rocks into reefs

A

The sediments can suffocate teh coral reefs and kill them

Eg Japan

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10
Q

Coastal development: expansion of coastal areas and urban housing increases the likelihood of more waste being dumped into the sea.

A

The sediments suffocate the coral reefs and kill them

Eg: Florida.

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11
Q

Climate change.

A

Rapid changes in sea temperatures and sea levels may be faster than the ability of corals and their associated life forms to adjust.
Coral bleaching occurs when higher sea temperatures result in the loss of algae which causes corals to become bleached.
Eg Seychelles.

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12
Q

Distribution of mangroves

A

Found along coasts of tropical and sub-tropical countries between the Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer.
Eg Bangladesh, northern Australia and Borneo.

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13
Q

Reasons for distribution

A

Mangroves have adapted to grow naturally in brackish environments.
They are normally found along sheltered Low-lying coasts and river estuaries with muddy and waterlogged land.

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14
Q

Breeding ground and habitat for marine creatures

A

Barnacles, oysters and sponges anchor to the hard surfaces of the roots.
Shrimps and crabs obtain food from the muddy sediments
Young fish use the mangrove as a nursery, seeking shelter from predators in the tangle of roots.

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15
Q

Clearing fo mangroves for fuel wood and construction

A

Mangroves are cleared for fuel and construction, especially in countries with Low technology and Low income economies
Fish breeding ground sare reduced and coasts become more prone to erosion
Eg indoneisa

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16
Q

Conversion to other land uses

A

Thousands of hectares of flat, well-watered mangroves are converted into paddy fields and shrimp farms.
Mangroves are cleared and coast become more vulnerable.
Eg Thailand and Vietnam

17
Q

Coastal development

A

Land is reclaimed for housing, industry and recreational uses.
Mangroves largely disappear from teh environment and coatl waters are largely polluted fom human activities.
Eg Caribbean islands

18
Q

Rising sea levels

A

Rising sea levels and extreme storm activity are likely to occur if climate change accelerates.
Mangroves will have trouble colonising areas inland despite sea level rise as they will be in completion with human activities such as farming and the construction of sea defences.
Eg Gulf of Thailand.