Coasts: Coastal Management - Sustainable Approaches

Question 1

What does SMP stand for?

Answer 1

Shoreline Management Plan

Question 2

What is an SMP designed to identify?

Answer 2

The

Question 3

Who are DEFRA?

Answer 3

The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Question 4

Does DEFRA recommend SMPs?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

What are the 4 options considered by SMPs for any stretch of coastline?

Answer 5

Hold the line
Advance the line
Managed retreat
No active intervention

Question 6

What is holding the line?

Answer 6

Maintaining the current position of the coastline

Question 7

What are often used to hold the line?

Answer 7

Hard engineering methods

Question 8

What is advancing the line?

Answer 8

Extending the coastline out to sea

Question 9

How does advancing the line work?

Answer 9

Build up of a wider beach is encouraged using beach nourishment methods and groyne construction

Question 10

How can retreat of the coastline be managed?

Answer 10

By creating salt-marsh environments by deliberately breaching flood banks that protect low-quality farmland.

Question 11

How many SMPs are there in the UK?

Answer 11

22

Question 12

What is an SMP?

Answer 12

A strategic document that sets out policies to assist decision-making on flooding from the sea and coastal erosion risk management

Question 13

What does ICZM stand for?

Answer 13

Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Question 14

How long has coastal management focused on sustainability?

Answer 14

Since the 1990s

Question 15

On what timescales do SMPs operate?

Answer 15

They aim to plan for the short term (0-20 years), medium term (20-50 years) and long term (50-100) years

Question 16

What kind of approach to coastal management does ICZM use?

Answer 16

Ecosystem-based approach

Question 17

What is an ecosystem-based approach?

Answer 17

An approach that respects the limits of natural resources and ecosystems

Question 18

What 5 things does the European Commission believe pressure on the coast is leading to?

Answer 18

Biodiversity loss
Habitat destruction
Pollution
Conflicts between stakeholders
Overcrowding

Question 19

What is ICZM designed to do?

Answer 19

Integrate the interests of all stakeholders in coastal management

Question 20

What problems did the past sectoral approach to coastal management lead to?

Answer 20

Decisions that undermined each other
Inefficient use of resources
Failure to meet sustainability objectives

Question 21

The ICZM aims to co-ordinate the policies affecting what coastal activities?

Answer 21

Nature conservation
Aquaculture
Fishing
Agriculture
Industry
Offshore wind energy
Shipping
Tourism
Infrastructure development
Developments to adapt and mitigate against climate change

Question 22

What is the cycle of a properly conducted ICZM?

Answer 22

Planning
Decision-making
Managing and monitoring of implementation
Information collection