Coasts: Coastal Management - Sustainable Approaches Flashcards
SMP and ICZM
What does SMP stand for?
Shoreline Management Plan
What is an SMP designed to identify?
The
Who are DEFRA?
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Does DEFRA recommend SMPs?
Yes
What are the 4 options considered by SMPs for any stretch of coastline?
Hold the line
Advance the line
Managed retreat
No active intervention
What is holding the line?
Maintaining the current position of the coastline
What are often used to hold the line?
Hard engineering methods
What is advancing the line?
Extending the coastline out to sea
How does advancing the line work?
Build up of a wider beach is encouraged using beach nourishment methods and groyne construction
How can retreat of the coastline be managed?
By creating salt-marsh environments by deliberately breaching flood banks that protect low-quality farmland.
How many SMPs are there in the UK?
22
What is an SMP?
A strategic document that sets out policies to assist decision-making on flooding from the sea and coastal erosion risk management
What does ICZM stand for?
Integrated Coastal Zone Management
How long has coastal management focused on sustainability?
Since the 1990s
On what timescales do SMPs operate?
They aim to plan for the short term (0-20 years), medium term (20-50 years) and long term (50-100) years
What kind of approach to coastal management does ICZM use?
Ecosystem-based approach
What is an ecosystem-based approach?
An approach that respects the limits of natural resources and ecosystems
What 5 things does the European Commission believe pressure on the coast is leading to?
Biodiversity loss Habitat destruction Pollution Conflicts between stakeholders Overcrowding
What is ICZM designed to do?
Integrate the interests of all stakeholders in coastal management
What problems did the past sectoral approach to coastal management lead to?
Decisions that undermined each other
Inefficient use of resources
Failure to meet sustainability objectives
The ICZM aims to co-ordinate the policies affecting what coastal activities?
Nature conservation Aquaculture Fishing Agriculture Industry Offshore wind energy Shipping Tourism Infrastructure development Developments to adapt and mitigate against climate change
What is the cycle of a properly conducted ICZM?
Planning
Decision-making
Managing and monitoring of implementation
Information collection
