Coasts (Case Studies) Flashcards
What are some key facts about Typhoon Haiyan? (An example of coastal flooding)
• Occured on the 8th November 2013
• 4-5m storm surges
• US $2Bn in damages, with 90% of Tacloban destroyed
• Over 6,300 deaths, 30,000 injured
• 30,000 fishing boats destroyed
• Telephone poles and power lines damaged
• 1.1m homes damaged or destroyed, 4.1m made homeless
What are some key facts about Pakistan? (An example of flooding)
• Occured in August 2010
• Pakistan has seasonal monsoon, occuring in late June to early October
• Five days of exceptional rainfall= 30% more than 3 month total
• ‘Waves’ of warer caused floods downstream
• Storms moved south in 2010 adding to the monsoon rain = flooding
• 1/5th of Pakistan submerged
• 11k villages inundated, 1.2m homes damaged or destroyed
• 1,600 deaths, 14m affected
• $1.85Bn in damage to agriculture
• Government aid was poor, no emergency supplies after the first week
• Military stepped in and rescued 100,000 people in the first week
• International aid was slow, donations increased over time
What are some key facts about Pevensey Bay? (An example of soft engineering)
• Located in East Sussex, between Bexhill and Eastbourne
• Bay is backed by a shingle beach and ridge, beyond are the Pevensey Levels
• Pevensey Levels cover 9000ha of grazing marsh- National nature reserve
• High amenity value- sea defences cover 50sqkm
• 100,000 properties, minor roads, one main road and a railway are protected
• 150 groynes present in 2000, the plan was to leave around 10
• Defence is managed by the Env Agency + Pevensey Coastal Defence Ltd:
- Beach nourishment moves shingle back up the beach, uses dredging
What are some key facts about Lyme Regis? (An example of hard engineering)
• Small resort on the Dorset coast, with a jetty called the Cobb
• Coastline made up of; A base of limestone, layers of clay, sandstone, sandy soil. The cliff is unstable
• Young woman killed in 2012
• SMP is mainly ‘hold the line’, a little bit of ‘advance the line’ and ‘do nothing’: (£30 million cost)
-Phase 1 (1994-95)= New sea wall, rock armour revetment, promenade at east end of town
-Phase 2 (completed in 2007)= slope stabilisation, Cobb road stabilised with over 1,000 deep bored pins. New sea wall (advance line), Beacon rocks at end of Cobb extended + realigned, new jetty, beach reduces wave impact
-Phase 3= Between Monmouth beach and wave cliffs= do nothing
-Phase 4= 390m sea wall, stabilisation of Church cliff
Where can sand dune regeneraton be seen?
Sand dune regeneration can be seen at the Sefton Coast (Between Liverpool and Southport), including many other places as a relatively cheap form of soft engineering (£1000 per 100m) .
What are examples of landforms at the Holderness coast?
1) Selwicks Bay (Flamborough head)- Faults eroded into caves. Arches, stacks, stumps wave cut platforms also present. Large blowhole.
2) North Landing (Flamborough head)- Thin layers of chalk, lots of flint, close joints= v.fragmented rock. One fault enlarged into a geo (narrow inlet), many caves. Arch collapsed in Jan 1984- caused by years of stress by overhead boulder clay, sub-aerial processes and m.erosion.
3) Coastline- Retreated 4km since Roman times. Flamborough head= chalk, rest of coast= boulder clay. Villages such as Mappleton under threat. One of the fastest eroding coastlines in the world.
When did Typhoon Haiyan occur?
8th November 2013
What % of Tacloban was destroyed from Typhoon Haiyan
90%
How many died from Typhoon Haiyan?
Over 6,300 people
How many homes were damaged or destroyed from Typhoon Haiyan?
1,100,000
What was the cost of damage from Typhoon Haiyan?
Over $2 billion
When did the Pakistan floods occur?
August 2010
What contributed to the Pakistan floods?
• Storms combined with the seasonal (Late June- Early October) monsoon
• 5 day rainfall more than 30% of three month total
How much of Pakistan was submerged after the 2010 flood?
1/5th
How many died in the Pakistan floods?
1,600 people
What was the cost to agriculture due to the Pakistan floods?
$1.65 Billion
How many people did the military rescue in the Pakistan floods in the first week?
100,000 people
How many groynes were present in Pevensey Bay (2010), and how many are planned to remain?
150, planned to leave around 10
How many properties are protected by Pevensey Bay?
100,000 properties
What coast is Lyme Regis on?
Dorset coast
How much does the shoreline management plan cost for Lyme Regis?
£30 million
How many deep bore pins were put in to stabilise the Cobb road at Lyme Regis?
Over 1,000
How long is the sea wall built to protect Church cliff?
390 metres long
How much do sand dunes cost per 100m?
£1000
