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Geography > Coastal Management Strategies > Flashcards

Coastal Management Strategies Flashcards

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1
Q

What are sea walls

A

Commonly a concrete structure placed at the top of a beach or foot of a cliff to act as a physical barrier to the sea, preventing erosion or flooding

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2
Q

What is a concrete structure placed at the top of a beach or foot of a cliff to act as a physical barrier to the sea, preventing erosion or flooding

A

A sea wall

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3
Q

How much do sea walls cost

A

Up to £1 million per 100m

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4
Q

What are the advantages of sea walls

A

Effective and often has a walkway or promenade for people to walk along

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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of sea walls

A

Can look obstrusive and unnatural, very expensive and high maintenance costs.

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6
Q

What are groynes

A

Timber or rock structures protruding into the sea at right angle to the coast

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7
Q

What are timber or rock structures protruding into the sea at right angle to the coast

A

Groynes

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8
Q

What are the 4 hard engineering starategies

A

Sea wally, groynes, rock armour and gabions

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9
Q

What are Sea wally, groynes, rock armour and gabions

A

Hard engineering stratagies

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10
Q

How much do groynes cost

A

£150,000 each at 200m intervals

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11
Q

What are the advantages of groynes

A

Create wider beach, which can be popular with tourists, provide useful structures for people interested in fishing and not too expensive

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of groynes

A

They starve beaches further along the coast, often leading to increased rates of erosion elsewhere, groynes are unnatural

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13
Q

What is rock armour

A

Large, extremely tough boulders placed at the foot of a cliff or against a sea wall, forcing waves to break early, reducing their energy and protecting the coast from their full force

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14
Q

What are large, extremely tough boulders placed at the foot of a cliff or against a sea wall, forcing waves to break early, reducing their energy and protecting the coast from their full force

A

Rock armour

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15
Q

How much does rock armour cost

A

£200,000 per 100m

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16
Q

What are the advantages of rock armour

A

Relatively cheap and easy to maintain, can provide interest to the coast and often used for fishing

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17
Q

What are the disadvantages of rock armour

A

Expensive to transport and do not fit with the local geology

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18
Q

What are gabions

A

Wire cages filled with rocks commonly built up against a cliff to add support and reduce erosion

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19
Q

What are wire cages filled with rocks commonly built up against a cliff to add support and reduce erosion

A

Gabions

20
Q

How much do gabions cost

A

£50,000 per 100m

21
Q

What are the advantages of gabions

A

Cheap to produce and improve drainage of cliffs

22
Q

What are the disadvantages of gabions

A

Unattractive and only last 5-10 years before they rust

23
Q

What are the 3 soft engineering stratagies

A

Beach nourishment/reprofiling, dune regeneration and dune fencing

24
Q

What is beach nourishment/reprofiling

A

The addition of sand or pebbles to a beach to increase its height and/or width

25
Q

What is the addition of sand or pebbles to a beach to increase its height and/or width

A

Beach nourishment/reprofiling

26
Q

How much does beach nourishment/reprofiling cost

A

£500,000 per 100m

27
Q

What are the advantages of beach nourishment/reprofiling

A

Cheap and easy to maintain, blends in with existing beach, increases tourism potential

28
Q

What are the disadvantages of beach nourishment/reprofiling

A

Needs constant maintenance unless structures are built to retain the beach

29
Q

What is dune regeneration

A

Plants such as marram grass can be sown to stabilise sand dunes and encourage them to develop, acting as a natural buffer to the sea

30
Q

What is it called when plants such as marram grass are sown to stabilise sand dunes and encourage them to develop, acting as a natural buffer to the sea

A

Dune regeneration

31
Q

How much does dune regeneration cost

A

Approximately £2,000 per 100m

32
Q

What are the advantages of dune regeneration

A

Maintains a natural coastal environment that is popular with people and wildlife, relatively cheap

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of dune regeneration

A

Time-consuming to plant the marram grass and fence areas off, can be damaged by storms.

34
Q

What is dune fencing

A

Fences used to protect dunes from human use, to prevent erosion from trampling and other activities

35
Q

What are fences used to protect dunes from human use, to prevent erosion from trampling and other activities

A

Dune fencing

36
Q

How much does dune fencing cost

A

£2,000 per 100m

37
Q

What are the advantages of dune fencing

A

Minimal impact on natural systems, can control public access to protect other ecosystems

38
Q

What are the disadvantages of dune fencing

A

Can be unsightly especially if fences become broken, regular maintenance needed specially after storms

39
Q

What is an example of managed retreat

A

Coastal realignment and monitoring

40
Q

What is coastal realignment and monitoring an example of

A

Managed retreat

41
Q

What is managed retreat

A

Deliberately allowing the sea to erode or flood an area in a controlled way

42
Q

What is deliberately allowing the sea to erode or flood an area in a controlled way

A

Managed retreat

43
Q

How much does managed retreat

A

Depends on land value, between £5,000 and £10,000

44
Q

What are the advantages of managed retreat

A

Cost-effective so hard and soft management strategies are targeted at more expensive land

45
Q

What are the disadvantages of managed retreat

A

Loss of natural habitats

Geography (11 decks)

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