Coastal Landscapes Case Studies Flashcards
Tuvalu- coastal management
Low-lying pacific island
Eustatic sea level rise
Highest point= 4.5m above sea level
Mitigation- tropical cyclones= cyclone shelters, farmers move due to drowning cattle, saltwater encroachment=crop failure so stable crops in concrete pots
Migration- migration to New Zealand, those who cannot afford become environmental refugees= cultural tensions
NZ granted citizenship to vulnerable
The Maldives
97% experience erosion
Over 1000 islands
Isolated get ignored due to money spent on capital city Male
Fishing is overlooked due to protection on tourism
NGOs= sustainable living and educate locals (public participation)
MMF (mangroves for future)- importance as a defence against erosion and flooding
GEF- small grants to locals to help develop organic farming
Dorset Coastline
Jurassic coastline - world heritage site (fossils from around 185 million years ago)
Both a discordant and concordant coastline
Lulworth cove- formation after Ice Age- river swollen with glacier meltwater, marine erosion at mouth widens river channel
2013 North Sea Storm Surge
Large depression
Wind speeds of over 140mph in Scotland
Gails of northernly winds cause storm surges 5.8m in Lincolnshire
15 fatalities across UK, Holland, Germany, Belgium
2007 Storm surge in Bay of Bengal
Cyclone Sidr in Indian Ocean
6m high, 223km/hr winds, 3500 fatalities from drowning
Drinking water contaminated= diseases
Why is Bangladesh vulnerable?
Low lying land (1-3m above sea level)
Bays and rivers inland cause travel to further inland
Unconsolidated sediment is easily eroded
Deforestation of mangroves= reduced interception and little to dissipate wave energy
Densely populated country
Holderness Coastline
North East England, fastest eroding coastline in Europe
Clay cliffs
Narrow beaches
Groynes and rock armour at Spurn Head
Waves travel long distances so increased energy
Increased erosion at Great Cowden due to groynes in Mappleton= community conflict
Deltawerken Project- hard engineering project- coastal management (advance the lane)
1953 storm surge changed Netherlands, 1800 died, 10% farmland flooded, 40k buildings damaged
Scheme- dams and gates along rivers, reduce length of coastline whilst still safe access to North Sea for shipping
Sustainability- $5b costs, Dutch need $1b/yr to maintain defences, 4m now live below sea level, new road connections, nature reserves were lost in construction but replaced
US East Coast Barrier Islands- coastal management (no active intervention)
Florida- Connecticut
23 shifting and lagoons behind, debate about how they formed
Conservation- dissipate wave energy so waves break further out, natural defence in hurricanes, islands open for low-impact tourism activities eg hiking, fishing, no permanent residence permitted
