coastal landforms

Question 1

erosional landforms. determind by

Answer 1

the direction, strength and frequency of waves

the geology of the coastline

Question 2

cliffs

Answer 2

produced by coastal erosion, marine erosion leads to undermining ht eland causing slumps or rock falls producing a steep edge, a cliff

Question 3

wave cut notches and plat forms

Answer 3

the cliffs base is eroded by wave action, hydraulic action, abrasion. the base of the cliff is eoded to form a wave cut notch, undercutting the cliff face.
as the notch gets larger, the cliff will eventually collapse due to lack of support and sub arial processes weakening the cliff..

cliff retreats as this process is repeated and slowly increase in height.

the wave-cur platform is the gnetle slope area at the foot of the cliff , gets wider as the cliff retreats and is covered in boulders and rock pools

Question 4

caves

Answer 4

1. a joint/ fault in resistant rock

2. corrasion and hydraulic action widen the joint to form caves on either side of the headland

Question 5

arch

Answer 5

3. of the line of weakness runs across the headland from side to side or the cave is eroded enough, the two caves meet and from an arch

Question 6

stack/stumps

Answer 6

the arch is eroded through sub-arial processes, the roof becomes heavy and falls creating a stack
the stack continues to be erosed and forms a stump

Question 7

headlands and bays

Answer 7

headlands and bays form along coasts that have bands of resistannt and less reisstant rock, harder rock= headland, softer rock= erosion, and a bay will form. increased erosion at the headland as it is exposed to waves and targetted due to wave refeaction.

the increase in erosion at a headland causes arches, stacks and strumps

Question 8

depositional landforms

Answer 8

beaches the accumulation of deposited material between the LWM and the HWM , a typical beach have a foreshore, backshore and offshore.
backshore- lined by sand dunes (coasrse material pushed up the beach by spring tides)

Question 9

spit

Answer 9

formed when the coast suddenly changes direction, then lds depositts material at the mouth of the river forming tha bank of sand

a stretch of sand or shingle extending from the mainland out to sea . strength of drift weakens as it goes out to sea causing deposition.
the spits shape is determind by wave refraction

Question 10

tombolo

Answer 10

when a spit connects an island with the mainland

need a consistant sediment supply to form

Question 11

salt marshes

Answer 11

from when silt and mud mix at a protected oart of a coastline.
lack of energy in the waves= more deposition than transportation
often found on the inside of the spit
no strong waves of tidal currents, need salty conditions, tempreate or cool tempreture,