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BSP general YR1 > Coagulation > Flashcards

Coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is haemostasis

A

Cessation of blood loss from damages vessel, followed by repair

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2
Q

What 3 phases can haemostasis be broken into

A

Vascular, platelet and coagulation

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3
Q

What happens I’m primary haemostasis

A

Platelets immediately form a plug at the site of injury

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4
Q

What happens in secondary haemostasis

A

Occurs simultaneously with primary haemostasis
Additional coagulation factors beyond factor VII respond in a complex cascade to form fibrin strands, strengthening platelet plug
Stabilising of clot

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5
Q

What happens I’m tertiary haemostasis

A

Dissolution of fibrin clot

Dependant I’m plasminogen activation

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6
Q

What is coagulation

A

Process by which blood changes from liquid to gel forming a clot

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7
Q

What are platelets

A

Disc shaped, anucleate cellular fragments derived from megakaryocytes

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8
Q

What is the pivotal role of platelets

A

Haemostasis
Forms initial plug
Pivotal role include adhesion, secretion and aggregation

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9
Q

What controls synthesis of platelets

A

IL-6, IL-3, IL-11 and thrombopoietin

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10
Q

What do platelets do

A

Secrete factors that activate other platelets, allow adhesion, cause vasoconstriction
Adhere to vessel wall at damaged site
Platelet aggregation builds up the initial plug

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11
Q

What activates platelets

A 
ADP
platelet activating factor 
Adrenaline
Collagen
Thrombin
Immune complexes
High physical shear force
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12
Q

What two processes are initiated when blood is exposed to space under endothelium

A

Changes in platelets, subsequent recruitment of more platelets
The exposure of Subendothelial factors to plasma factor VII, leading to fibrin formation

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13
Q

What do vessels do in coagulation

A

Damage results in exposure of basement membrane - blood now exposed to collagen
Damage results in exposure of vessel wall - blood is now exposed to platelet activating factor
The damage results in exposure
Smooth muscle cells in vessel wall respond to damage by contracting

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14
Q

What is factor I and it’d molecular weight

A

Fibrinogen

340000

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15
Q

Factor II

A

Prothrombin

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16
Q

Factor III

A

Tissue factor

17
Q

Factor IV

A

Calcium ion

18
Q

Factor V

A

Proaccelerin

19
Q

Factor VII

A

Serum prothrombin conversion accelerator (SPCA)

20
Q

Factor VIII

A

Antihemophillic factor (AHF)

21
Q

Factor IX

A

Christmas factor

22
Q

Factor X

A

Stuart-Prower factor

23
Q

Factor XI

A

Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA)

24
Q

Factor XII

A

Hageman factor

25
Q

Factor XIII

A

Fibrin-stabilisation factor (FSF)

26
Q

Role of vitamin k in clotting

A

Some clotting factors need post-translational modification

This PTM requires vitamin k

27
Q

What do PTMs do

A

Involved the addition of a COO- to certain Glu residues in clotting factor
Results in the formation of several y-carboxy glutamates = Gla

28
Q

What factors need PTM

A

II, VII, IX, X, Proteins C and S

29
Q

How is thrombin formed in the coagulation cascade

A

Protrombin is proteolytically cleaved to form thrombin in the coagulation cascade

30
Q

Role of fibrinogen

A

Fibrinogen can form bridges between platelets, by binding to their GpIIb/IIIa surface membrane proteins
Converted to fibrin and cross links with factor XIII to form clot

31
Q

What do tissue factors do

A

Enables cells to initiate the blood coagulation cascades
It functions as the high-affinity receptor for coagulation factor VII
Potent initiator that is fully functional when expressed on cell surfaces

32
Q

What is fibrinolysis

A

Process that prevents blood clots from growing and becoming problematic

33
Q

How does fibrinolysis occur

A

Plasmin is produced in inactive form plasminogen
Plasminogen cannot cleave fibrin, but still has affinity for it, so incorporates into the clot
Tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase are the agents that convert plasminogen to active plasmin, thus allowing fibrinolysis

34
Q

What are fibrin clots degraded by

A

Serine protease called plasmin

BSP general YR1 (9 decks)

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