Coagulacao Flashcards

1
Q

O que é GVHD

A

É uma desordem multisistemica
Os linfocitos do doador reconhecem o recipiente como “estranho” e iniciam uma reacao imune que provoca doença no receptor.
This typically occurs in recipients who are immunocompromised and unable to destroy the donor lymphocytes or in immunocompetent patients who are heterozygous for an HLA haplotype for which the donor is homozygous

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2
Q

Caracteristicas clinicas da GVHD aguda

A

-classic maculopapular rash; persistent nausea and/or emesis; abdominal cramps with diarrhea; and a rising serum bilirubin concentration.

Hematopoietic involvement can result in thymic atrophy, cytopenias (especially thrombocytopenia), and hypogammaglobulinemia (especially IgA deficiency).

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3
Q

GVHD cronica

A

In contrast, patients with chronic GVHD commonly demonstrate skin involvement resembling lichen planus or the cutaneous manifestations of scleroderma; dry oral mucosa with ulcerations and sclerosis of the gastrointestinal tract; and a rising serum bilirubin concentration.

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4
Q

TP nomal?

A

11-13s

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5
Q

TTPa normal

A

25-35s

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6
Q

TTrombina

A

14-19s

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7
Q

Tempo de reptilase - para que serve?

A

O tempo de reptilase é similar ao tempo de trombina em avaliar o tempo de conversao de fibrinogenio em fibrina . A diferenca é que o mesmo nao se altera pela acao da heparina . A reptilase nao é inibida pela ATIII ou pelo complexo ATIII-heparina.

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8
Q

Teste do veneno da vibora de Russel diluido

A

O veneno da vibora ativa o fator X diretamente
Util para teste se ha a presenca de anticoagulante lupico por um anticorpo anti-fosfolipide. a presenca do anticorpo antifosfolipide é confirmada pela adicao de fosfolipideo ao ensaio.

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9
Q

3 testes para solicitar para diagnostico de DvWb

A

Dosagem do fator de VWb
Teste de atividade do cofator de ristocetina (<30)
Dosar fator VIII

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10
Q

Sd de Bernard Soulier

A

deficiencia de da GP Ib. plaquetas gigantes.

Tto: Platelets, ε-aminocaproic acid

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11
Q

Trombastenia de Glanzzmann

A

Defeito na GP IIb/IIIa

Tto: Platelets or recombinant factor VIIa, ε-aminocaproic acid

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12
Q

O que pode elevar o fvWb

A

gravidez, contraceptivos orais, estresse, exercicio, inflamacao, fumo

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13
Q

Causa de DvWb adquirida - pensar em SCV

A

Estenose aortica

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14
Q

na insuficiencia hepatica aguda so um fator de coagulacao esta alto - qual?

A

fator VIII - produzido pelas cels endoteliais extra-hepaticas . o figado na verdade faz o clearance adequado do fator VIII

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15
Q

Causas de trombocitopenia por hipoproducao

A

Aplastic anemia
Myelodysplasia
Vitamin B12/folate deficiency
Fanconi anemia

Marrow invasion	:
Leukemias
Tumors (small cell lung cancer metastatic to marrow)
Granulomatous diseases (sarcoidosis)
Fibrosis (primary myelofibrosis)

Marrow injury :
Drugs (especially alcohol, chemotherapy)
Radiation
Infections (hepatitis C virus, HIV)

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16
Q

PTT tratamento

A

Plasmaferese

Transfusao de plaquetas é contra-indicada porque pode potencialmente provocar oclusao microvascular

17
Q

PTI tratamento

A
GC
IVIG
Ig anti-D se Rh+
2a linha> Esplenectomia e rituximab
se <10mil IvIG e plaquetas
tx de plaquetas de rotina NAO
18
Q

Disfuncao plaquetaria pela uremia - tto

A

Dialise
desmopressina
ε-aminocaproic acid

19
Q

HIT

A

Tipo de trombocitopenia droga induzida especifica na qual produzimos um Ac anti-heparina e fator 4 plaquetario capaz de ativas as plaquetas pelo receptor Fc e provocar Reducao de contagem de plaquetas e TROMBOSE.

20
Q

Tipos de HIT

A
Tipo 1 - frequencia maior 10-20% 
Apresenta-se entre 1 a 4 dias . 
Plaquetas chegam a 100mil. 
Nao é mediada por Ac
Sem sequela tromboembolica
Sem sequela hemorragica
CD conservadora

Tipo 2- HITT (Heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis) frequencia menor 1-3%
Apresenta-se entre 5-10 d apos inicio da heparina
Plaquetas >20mil nadir medio de 60mil
-> é mediada por Ac
sequela tromboembolica em 30-0080%
sequela hemorragica RARA
CD cessar uso de heparina manter ACO com argatroban ate plaq>150mil pelo risco de trombose

21
Q

Clinica de HIT

A

1- The typical onset of thrombocytopenia occurs 5 to 10 days after the initiation of heparin therapy

2- Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150,000/microL) is the most common manifestation of HIT, occurring in 85 to 90 percent of individuals [45,66]. The mean nadir platelet count is approximately 60,000/microL. Platelet counts below 20,000/microL are rare [45,67,68]. Approximately 5 percent of patients with HIT lack thrombocytopenia as defined by absolute platelet count but demonstrate a 50 percent reduction in platelet count [45].

3- Thrombosis — Thrombosis occurs in up to 50 percent of individuals with HIT who are not treated with a non-heparin anticoagulant, with venous more common than arterial thrombi. Thrombosis is the presenting finding in up to 25 percent of patients; this observation has led to recommendations that patients with overt HIT have leg ultrasounds performed to screen for asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis

4- Sequela de trombose - Necrose cutanea , Gangrena de membros (venosa), isquemia ou infarto de orgaos - AVC , IAM, isq mesenterica.

4-Bleeding is uncommon but has been reported

22
Q

Em caso de HITT qual a anticoagulacao indicada na urgencia

A

Argatroban ou Bivalirudina (inibidor de trombina)

23
Q

Cite as caracteristicas fisiopatologicas da CIVD

A

Aumento da producao de trombina
Reducao dos anticoagulantes fisiologicos (ATIII reduzida por reducao da producao , aumento da degradacao por elastases produzidas por neutrofilos e aumento de consumo)
Reducao da acao do sistema fibrinolítico ( aumento dos niveis do inibidor do ativador do plasminogenio tecidual - PAI 1)

24
Q

Clinica da CIVD

A
  • Sangramento
  • Trombose
  • Disfuncao Organica
25
Q

Laboratorio CIVD

A
- Plaq <100mil
Fibrinogenio reduzido mais tardiamente
D- Dimero alto
Alargamento de TTPa e TP
Reducao da Anti trombina III
26
Q

Tratamento CIVD

A

Tratar a doenca de base
Se Fibrinogenio <100 -> Crioprecipitado
Profilaxia para TEV com heparina

27
Q

Causas de Trombocitepenia induzida por drogas

A

carbamazepina, fenitoina, ac valproico, furosemida, tiazidicos, SMT - TMP, AAS, quinidina