CNS Structure and Function

Question 1

cerebrum

Answer 1

consists of two cerebral hemispheres that form the outer surface of the brain . hemispheres divided into lobes and lobes divided into function areas responsible for higher reasoning, abstract thought, audio, and visual processing, and memory

Question 2

cerebellum

Answer 2

located caudal to the cerebrum controls the rate, range, and direction of movement so that movement is smooth, controlled, and coordinated

Question 3

diencephalon

Answer 3

receives sensory inputs from the body (except the olfactory) and distributes to the appropriate areas of the brain. important in the regulation of autonomic and endocrine systems. compromised of thalamas, hypothalamas, and pineal gland

Question 4

brainstem

Answer 4

located at the bas of the skull and is continuous with the spinal cord. compromised of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. these areas are involved in relaying sensory and motor signals and regulating vital autonomic functions

Question 5

spinal cord

Answer 5

a continuation of the brainstem. is crucial for relaying sensory and motor info from the cerebral cortex and cerebellum to the organs and limbs, acts as a pathway carrying signals from the PNS up to the brain and motor signals from the brain down the PNS

Question 6

cerebral cortex

Answer 6

involved in higher brain functions like reasoning, skilled responses, maintaining consciousness, and integrating sensory info such as vision and pain

Question 7

sensory areas of cerebral cortex

Answer 7

interpret sensory signals
somatosensory cortex interprets input from touch, pain, pressure, and temp
visual cortex interprets sensory signals for vision

Question 8

motor areas of the cerebral cortex

Answer 8

involved in the planning and initiation of voluntary motor movements

Question 9

association areas of the cerebral cortex

Answer 9

integrate info from other brain regions. more complex functions like planning and decision making

Question 10

corpus callosum

Answer 10

connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres

Question 11

thalamus

Answer 11

relay station for sensory info ascending to the cerebral cortex. responsible for mediating sensation, motor activities, arousal, learning, and memory

Question 12

hypothalamus

Answer 12

both a nerve and an endocrine organ. mostly facilitates in the maintenance of homeostasis and emotional response

Question 13

pineal gland

Answer 13

important in the regulation of sleep and biological rhythms

Question 14

cardiovascular centres

Answer 14

regulate the rate and force of heartbeats and the diameter of blood vessels

Question 15

respiratory rhythmicity centres

Answer 15

maintains the breathing rate

Question 16

integration by the spinal cord

Answer 16

can receive and integrate some incoming sensory signals and the generate involuntary motor signals to tissues to effect a rapid, involuntary response called a reflex

Question 17

ascending tracts in white matter

Answer 17

contain axons of sensory neurons which relay sensory inputs from the PNS to the thalamus

Question 18

descending tracts in white matter

Answer 18

contain the axons of motor neurons relaying motor commands form the motor cortex or autonomic centres in the brain to the PNS