CNS Stimulants

Question 1

Name 6 sympathomimetics:

Answer 1

Amphetamine (Benzedrine)

D-Amphetamine (Dexedrine)

Methamphetamine

Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate)

Cocaine

MDMA “Ecstasy”

Question 2

Name three Xanthines:

Answer 2

Theobromine

Theophylline

Caffeine

Question 3

Low dose sympathomimetics have what general effect on neurotransmission?

Answer 3

Increase release of DA and NE

Question 4

Medium dose of sympathomimetics have what effect on neurotransmission (generally)?

Answer 4

Blocks NE and DA reuptake

Question 5

High dose of sympathomimetics have what effect on neurotransmission (generally)?

Answer 5

Inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Question 6

Cocaine MOA:

Answer 6

Blocks reuptake of NE–> motor excitation

Blocks reuptake of DA –> euphoria

Local anesthetic properties

Question 7

Toxicity of cocaine:

Answer 7

cardiac arrhythmias, coronary and cerebral thrombosis

impairs in utero brain development–>significantly decreased brain size and neurological manifestations

Question 8

High lipophilicity, very rapid entry into the brain:

Answer 8

MDMA (ecstasy)

-stimulates release and reuptake of epinephrine, NE, DA

Question 9

Difference between MDMA and amphetamines:

Answer 9

MDMA also directly stimulates 5HT(2,1A) autoreceptors and stimulates the release of serotonin and inhibits it’s reuptake

**also affects histamine, GABA, Ach, NE transport proteins, DA receptors

Question 10

Three Xanthines:

Answer 10

Caffeine

Theobromine

Theophylline

Question 11

Xanthines’ affects on skeletal and smooth muscle:

Answer 11

Skeletal–increase work capacity

Smooth–relax

Question 12

Non CNS effects of sympathomimetics: (2)

Answer 12

1. Increased systolic and diastolic BP (reflex decrease in HR)
2. High doses lead to arrhythmias

Question 13

Treatments for acute sympathomimetic toxicity: (2)

Answer 13

1. antipsychotics (ie. haldol)

2. acidify patients urine —> increase % ionization of drug

Question 14

Tolerance and dependance of sympathomimetics more psychological or physical?

Answer 14

Psychological–withdrawal results in craving more drug

Physical dependance is debated

Question 15

Drug that may be an “empathogen”?

Answer 15

MDMA

Question 16

Drugs not regulated by the FDA because they keep changing:

Answer 16

Bath Salts

Question 17

Drugs approved for treatment of narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and daytime sleepiness:

Less potential for abuse than other stimulants

Answer 17

Modafinil and armodafinil (enantiomers)