CNS stimulants Flashcards
Amphetamines, Cocaine, Caffeine, Nicotine
CNS Stimulants
Amphetamine Mechanism of action
increase release and block the metabolism of norepinephrine, dopamine, adrenaline and serotonin
when a psychoactive substance produces an enhanced response to a smaller dose that the original
reverse tolerance
a period of time, lasting several days, where an individual consistently consumes large amounts of a psychoactive substance in frequent doses
binge
similar to withdrawal, where there symptoms are the extreme opposite of those caused by the psychoactive substance
rebound effects
repeating the same behavior over and over
stereotypy
increase in blood pressure increased heart rate irregular hearbeat increased heart muscle tone increaed metabolic rate constriction of blood vessels sudden cardiac arrest changes in hormone levels increase in blood sugar elevated temperature respiratory failure insomnia loss of appetite increse in motor activity increase in speech dilated pupils dry mouth runny nose muscle twitching sexual stimulation sweating seizures incresed urination flushed face rambling speech chills nausea clumsiness ringing in ears flashes of light increase in saliva increase in bronchial secretions deadening of taste buds
short term physiological effects
a mixture of cocaine, water and baking soda that is made into a paste and dried; the hard mixture is then broken up into “rocks”, which are smoked
crack
the part of the brain responsible for reinforcing the rewarding effects of a psychoactive substance
nucleus accumbens
euphoria increases arousal excitation stereotypy increase in energy increased concentration perceived increase in strength rambling thoughts restlessness feelings of enhanced metal ability increase in tension anxiety irritability aggression paranoid ideation delusions auditory hallucinations
short term psychological effects
the opposite of insomnia, where a person has excessive sleepiness or fatigue
hypersomnia
a category of naturally occurring stimulants that includes caffeine, theophylline and theobromine
xanthines
a mild stimulant found in tea
thophylline
a mild stimulant found in chocolate
theobromine
the inhibitory neuromodulator most affected by caffeine consumption
adenosine
