CNS Stimulants-1

Question 0

What do sympathomimetics generally do to act?

Answer 0

1. Increased release of NE or DA
2. Blocks NE and DA reuptake
3. Inhibits MAO

What these drugs do with concentration
(3 only happens with high dosages)

Question 1

What are sympathomimetics?

Answer 1

Drugs that mimic sympathetic stimulation

Question 2

What are some effects of sympathomimetics?

Answer 2

Wakefulness
Speech
Motor performance (speed not accuracy)
Focus
Greatest affect is when you are fatigued
Don’t see much effect when your body is normal

Question 3

What are some other effects of sympathomimetics?

Answer 3

Increased respiratory rate and depth
Decreased feeding
Tolerance

Question 4

What are non-CNS effects of sympathomimetics?

Answer 4

Increased BP

High doses - arrhythmia

Question 5

What are some toxic effects of sympathomimetics?

Answer 5

• CV system: headaches, arrhythmia, palpitations, antimalarials pain, cv collapse, hyperthermia
• CNS: dizziness, agitation, confusion, insomnia, seizures, coma

Question 6

What is the treatment of sympathomimetics overdose?

Answer 6

Two fold

1. Antipsychotic (first gen)
   - symptom is paranoid schizophrenia
   - alpha receptor blocker - cv symptom goes away
2. Acidify persons urine so the drugs will be excreted

Question 7

How does tolerance/withdrawal to sympathomimetics develop?

Answer 7

Effects of apatite and food gain tolerance

No physical dependance only psychological

However do get depression (always with cocaine)

Question 8

What are uses of sympathomimetics?

Answer 8

ADHD
Narcolepsy 
Fatigue (no)
Weight loss (no)
Analeptic - get breathing, but with likely get a seizure or arrhythmia (don't use)

Question 9

What is cocaine molecularly?

Answer 9

Crystalline hydrochloride salt

Route of administration determines addiction

Question 10

What are the fastest way to get drugs into your body?

Answer 10

IV

Inhalation

Question 11

How long does coca once, amphetamine, and meth last for?

Answer 11

T1/2 respectively =

50min
10hrs
5hrs

Question 12

What is the mechanism of sympathomimetics?

Answer 12

Motor - norepinephrine blocked reuptake
Euphoria - dopamine blocked reuptake

Analgesia

Question 13

What is MDMA?

Answer 13

Derived from meth

• more lipophilic than meth
• behavioral: CNS stim, empathogen (empathy) (maybe for PTSD for trust)
• directly stimulates 5HT2 (1a) receptors (hyperthermia) (other behavioral)
• maybe other receptors contributing to side effects

Question 14

What are some characteristics of “bath salts”?

Answer 14

• Amphetamine-like chemicals
• Cannot write a clear cut regulation
• very dangerous

Question 15

What are the three xanthines?

Answer 15

Caffeine
Theobromine
Theophylline

Question 16

What are the effects of xanthines?

Answer 16

• more focus
• clear thought
• less fatigue
• improved Manuel dexterity (same accuracy)
• medullary centers: respiration, vasomotor
• large doses effect spinal cord - hypereflexia

Question 17

What do xanthines do specifically?

Answer 17

Increased heart rate
CO increase
Diuresis
Stim skeletal muscles
Relax smooth muscle especially bronchial (theophylline)
Increase cerebral vasculature (constrict it, help for migraines)

Question 18

What are theories of xanthine mechanisms?

Answer 18

1. Translocation of Ca from SR, inhibit
   But too much is needed for this
2. Inhibit phosphodiesterase - more cAMP
3. Non selective adenosine receptor antagonist

Question 19

What are toxic effects of xanthines?

Answer 19

• CNS stim, insomnia
• CV effects
• decrease clotting time
• increase BM