Alcohols Flashcards
What is the max concentration of EtOH yeast can make?
12-14%
What are the three clinically applicable alcohols?
Methanol
Ethanol
Ethylene glycol
What alcohol by volume percent is 100 proof?
57.15%
What is the action of EtOH on the CNS?
- Disinhibition Euphoria - depresses inhibition
- relaxation
- general CNS depression
- thought and processes that are most dependent on training and previous experience are the first affected
- anesthetic only at lethal doses
- perception and reaction to pain are reduced
What are some non CNS effects of EtOH?
CV:
1. vasodilation (loss of heat, sense of warmth)
2. Major cause of cardiomyopathy, rhythm disturbances
3. Increase HDL and decreases LDL, increases production of t-PA lowers clotting
Liver:
1. Deplete and less metabolism
2. Chronic - more metabolism, tolerance
3. Hepatic accumulation of fat and proteins
Kidney
1. Diuretic - decreases release of vasopressin
What is EtOH’s possible mechanism of action?
- membrane disorder in or fluidizing effect like anesthetic agents
- May be responsible for toxicity
- some receptor also
What is meant by FAS
Fetal alcohol syndrome
- alcohol crosses the placenta
- low nasal bridge, low upper lip, physical changes in shape of head
- cause increased incidence of still births and spontaneous abortions
What is the metabolism of EtOH?
Ethanol –> acetaldehyde –> acetic acid
Enzymes:
1. Alcohol dehydrogenase (rate limiting)
2. Not sure
Excreted by the lungs
What is the metabolism of methanol?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
What is the metabolism of ethylene glycol?
ADH and ALDH
Ethylene –> formic acid and oxalic acid
What are therapeutic uses of EtOH?
- Antiseptic
- antidote to methanol poisoning
- aphrodisiac
- head-cold
What are the major drug interactions with EtOH particularly disulfiram?
- disulfiram - makes someone sick, interferes with aldehyde dehydrogenase
- cephalosporins
- CNS depressants
- salicylates
- alter hepatic alteration
What is the basis and treatment for methanol and ethylene glycol toxicity?
- methanol –> formic acid –> blindness acidosis
By alcohol dehydrogenase - ethylene glycol –> formic acid and oxalic acid –> acidosis and calcium oxalate crystals
- out compete alcohol dehydrogenase with ethanol
Also give sodium carbonate to get urine to 7.5
Why are hangovers the way they are?
- accumulation of acetaldehyde
- changes in immune system
- metabolic acidosis
- ## glu excitation rebound
What is the cause of death in ethylene glycol consumption?
Metabolic acidosis
CV dys
Acute kidney failure
(Glycolic and oxalic acid)
