CNS / PNS overview Flashcards
afferent tracts
transmit electrical impulses from the body to the brain
efferent tracts
transmit electrical impulses from the brain to the body
sensory nerves, afferent or efferent?
afferent - send sensory info from the sensory receptors to the spinal cord
motor nerves, afferent or efferent?
efferent - send motor commands from the spinal cord to activate the skeletal muscle
rostral vs caudal
(in the spinal cord and brainstem)
rostal = towards the head
caudal = towards the coccyx
rostral vs caudal
(in the brain)
rostral = towards the nose
caudal = towards the back of the head
ventral vs dorsal
(in the brainstem and spinal cord)
ventral = anterior = towards belly
dorsal = posterior = towards the back
ventral vs dorsal
(in the brain)
ventral = inferior = towards jaw
dorsal = superior = towards top of head
main function of the corpus callosum
communication between cerebral hemispheres
function of the basal ganglia
movement and motor learning
function of the amygdala
expression of emotion
function of hippocampus
memory formation
function of the frontal lobe
higher functions
motor planning, organising behaviour, decision making, working memory
function of the parietal lobe
sensory guiding motor action, multisensory integration, spatial awareness
function of the occipital lobe
early visual processing (direction of movement, orientation of lines, colour, motion)
function of the temporal lobe
vision, hearing, memory, and language
two organs in the diencephalon
thalamus and hypothalamus
function of the thalamus
essential link in sensory paths from periphery to brain
connects cerebellum adn basal ganglia with regions of cerebral cortex (involved in cognition and movement)
function of the hypothalamus
somatic growth, eating, drinking
essential component of neuroendocrine system
==
motivation and arousal
3 organs in the brainstem (from rostral to caudal)
midbrain –> pons –> medulla
function of midbrain
connects cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex
involved in hearing and control of eye mvmts
function of pons
sleep, respiration, taste
function of the pontine nucleus (in pons)
relay info about sensation and mvmt from cerebral cortex to cerebellum
function of medulla
BP and respiration regulation
early pathways of taste, hearing, balance, control of head, neck, and limb muscles
where is the decessation of sensory afferents and motor efferents
medulla
function of the cerebellum
maintaining posture and balance
coordinating head, eye, and arm mvmts
what type of motor learning does the cerebellum do
error based - works with many parts of the brain to learn from mistakes to adapt mvmt
what does the cerebellum receive
copies of motor commands form cerebral cortex (works together with PMC and motor cortex)
somatosensory info from the spinal cord
what is the order of brainstem structures from rostral to caudal
rostral = diencephalon
midbrain
pons
caudal = medulla
what defines a nerve fibre
axon of a sensory neuron and its myelin sheath
what is a fascicle
bundle of individual nerve fibres
what does the endoneurium surround
nerve fibres
what does the perineurium surround
fascicles
what does the epineurium surround
nerves
what is included in a nerve
collection of all strucutres including connective tissues and blood vessels
