Basal ganglia Flashcards
where is the basal ganglia
subcortical structure at the base of the forebrain
what are the 4 structures inside the basal ganglia
striatum
globus pallidus
substantia nigra
subthalamic nucleus
how many nucleus are there in the basal ganglia and where are they located
5 pairs
striatum = 2 nuclei (caudate nucleus and putamen)
globus pallidus = 1 nuclei
substantia nigra = 1 nuclei
subthalamic nucleus = 1 nuclei
what are the 3 inputs into the basal ganglia
cerebral cortex (M1, SMA, PMd, PMv)
brainstem
thalamus
what makes up the striatum
caudate nucleus and putamen
nuclei separated by the internal capsule
major input strucutre of the basal ganglia
what makes up the globus pallidus
interal segment (GPi) - major output nucleus, sends topographic outputs to the thalamus
external segment (GPe) - intrinsic circuitry
- projects to the subthalamic nucleus (STN)
what is the main function of the striatum
major input structure of the basal ganglia
what are the inputs to the striatum
- receives topographic input organised by body part from M1, PMv, PMd, SMA
- also receives input from the brainstem and thalamus
what are the outputs from the striatum
projects to the two major output nuclei of the basal ganglia
- globus pallidus internal segment (GPi)
- substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr)
where is the subthalamic nucleus
between the thalamus and substantia nigra
what is the main function of the subthalamic nucleus
input nucleus of the basal ganglia
what are the inputs to the subthalamic nucleus
globus pallidus external segment (GPe)
thalamus
brainstem
what are the outputs of the subthalamic nucleus
globus pallidus internal segment (GPi)
what is the substantia nigra made up of
1 nucleus, 2 parts
- pars compacta (SNc)
- pars reticulata (SNr)
what is the function of the SNc (pars compacta)
dopamine production
- contains dopaminergic cells that project heavily to the striatum and other nuclei
