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pharm final > CNS/ neuro > Flashcards

CNS/ neuro Flashcards

1
Q

drug of choice for any seizure besides petit mal

A

phenytoin

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2
Q

ADR of phenytoin

A

gingival hyperplasia, bone marrow suppression

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3
Q

therapeutic level of phenytoin

A

10-20 mcg/mL

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4
Q

phenytoin toxicity

A

nystagmus, ataxia, dysarthria, and encephalopathy

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5
Q

nursing considerations for phenytoin administration

A

PO is safest route, CV collapse if IV not well diluted, do not exceed 50 mg/min, incompatible with dextrose

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6
Q

other common anticonvulsants

A

valproic acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine

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7
Q

common ADR among all anticonvulsants

A

Steven-Johnson’s Syndrome

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8
Q

Symptoms of SJS

A

flu like symptoms and painful rash

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9
Q

what is the drug of choice for status epilepticus?

A

diazepam IV; do not give faster than 2 mg/min or 0.05 mg/kg

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10
Q

what can be given for acute seizures in pregnancy?

A

magnesium sulfate

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11
Q

what are neuromuscular blocking agents?

A

cause muscle paralysis; used in adjunct with anesthesia or maintain patients on ventilators

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12
Q

common depolarizing NMBA?

A

succinylcholine (limits Ach effect at synapse)

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13
Q

ADR of succinylcholine

A

malignant hyperthermia

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14
Q

treatment for malignant hyperthermia?

A

dantrolene

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15
Q

common non-depolarizing NMBA

A

-curonium IV meds (compete with Ach at synapse)

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16
Q

ADR of -curonium drugs

A

cholinergic crisis

17
Q

common muscle relaxants

A

cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol, dantrolene

18
Q

migraine drug of choice

A

-triptan drugs

19
Q

migraine prophylaxis

A

propanolol, TCAs, divalproex, lamotrigine, gabapentin, estrogen therapy for post-menopausal women, botox

20
Q

what is Parkinson’s Disease?

A

imbalance between dopamine and Ach; treatment increases dopamine and decreases Ach

21
Q

drug of choice for Parkinson’s?

A

levodopa/carbidopa

22
Q

drug interaction with Parkinson’s treatment

A

vitamin B6 increases GI and hepatic breakdown

23
Q

what is Myasthenia Gravis?

A

disease of reduced receptors for Ach resulting in muscle weakness

24
Q

treatment for MG?

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

25
Q

examples of MG treatment

A

edrophonium, pyridostigmine, neostigmine

26
Q

ADRs of cholinesterase inhibitors

A

SLUDGEM

27
Q

how to diagnose MG?

A

Tensilon Test; if IV edrophonium to watch for muscle strengthening within 1 minute

28
Q

cholinergic crisis antidote

A

atropine

29
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

decreased Ach

30
Q

common drugs for Alzheimer’s symptoms

A

rivastigmine, donepezil

pharm final (6 decks)

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