anti-infectives

Question 1

common side effects of antibiotic use

Answer 1

kill normal GI flora leading to diarrhea or normal vaginal flora leading to vaginitis/fungal infection

Question 2

how to manage side effects of antibiotics?

Answer 2

flora modulators for GI and antifungal meds for vaginitis

Question 3

what antibiotic has the ADRs of crystallizing and cause kidney stones if fluid intake is low, and photosensitivity?

Answer 3

sulfonamides

Question 4

what antibiotic is not for pregnant women and children?

Answer 4

tetracycline; can cause permanent discoloration of the teeth

Question 5

what is the drug of choice for inhaled anthrax?

Answer 5

fluoroquinolones (-floxacin drugs)

Question 6

minimum rate of administration for vancomycin?

Answer 6

1 hour minimum infusion

Question 7

what is Redman’s Syndrome?

Answer 7

ADR when vancomycin is given too fast IV; causes erythema of neck, back, and trunk, with sudden drop in BP, fever, and chills

Question 8

how to treat Redman’s Syndrome?

Answer 8

stop the infusion, give fluids, antihistamines, and corticosteroids; if resuming, give vancomycin at a slower rate (greater than 2 hours)

Question 9

what is the therapeutic index for vancomycin?

Answer 9

trough level of 15-20 mcg/mL

Question 10

what do antibiotics commonly interact with?

Answer 10

renders birth control pills ineffective and raise INR if taken with warfarin

Question 11

what is HAART?

Answer 11

highly active antiretroviral therapy; multi drug approach for HIV

Question 12

how do we know HAART is effective?

Answer 12

decrease viral load and increase CD4 cell count

Question 13

most HAART drugs end in..?

Answer 13

-vudine or -vir

Question 14

drug used to treat facial lesions of herpes zoster?

Answer 14

acyclovir

Question 15

drug used to treat genital lesions of herpes zoster?

Answer 15

valacyclovir

Question 16

drug used to treat either lesion of herpes zoster?

Answer 16

famiciclovir

Question 17

when should antivirals for influenza be given?

Answer 17

within 48 hours of 1st symptom

Question 18

common drug used to treat influenza A or B

Answer 18

oseltamivir (TamiFlu)

Question 19

treatment for hepatitis B

Answer 19

lamivudine, adefovir

Question 20

drug of choice for hepatitis C

Answer 20

ribavirin + immunomodifier

Question 21

possible treatments for Hepatitis C

Answer 21

ledipasvir + sofosbuvir once daily PO for 12 weeks

Question 22

common meds to treat tuberculosis

Answer 22

isoniazid and rifampin

Question 23

ADR of INH

Answer 23

neurotoxicity (give vitamin B6 to prevent), hepatotoxic, blood dyscrasia

Question 24

ADR of rifampin

Answer 24

red-orange discoloration of body fluids, hepatotoxicity, and blood dyscrasia