anti-infectives Flashcards
common side effects of antibiotic use
kill normal GI flora leading to diarrhea or normal vaginal flora leading to vaginitis/fungal infection
how to manage side effects of antibiotics?
flora modulators for GI and antifungal meds for vaginitis
what antibiotic has the ADRs of crystallizing and cause kidney stones if fluid intake is low, and photosensitivity?
sulfonamides
what antibiotic is not for pregnant women and children?
tetracycline; can cause permanent discoloration of the teeth
what is the drug of choice for inhaled anthrax?
fluoroquinolones (-floxacin drugs)
minimum rate of administration for vancomycin?
1 hour minimum infusion
what is Redman’s Syndrome?
ADR when vancomycin is given too fast IV; causes erythema of neck, back, and trunk, with sudden drop in BP, fever, and chills
how to treat Redman’s Syndrome?
stop the infusion, give fluids, antihistamines, and corticosteroids; if resuming, give vancomycin at a slower rate (greater than 2 hours)
what is the therapeutic index for vancomycin?
trough level of 15-20 mcg/mL
what do antibiotics commonly interact with?
renders birth control pills ineffective and raise INR if taken with warfarin
what is HAART?
highly active antiretroviral therapy; multi drug approach for HIV
how do we know HAART is effective?
decrease viral load and increase CD4 cell count
most HAART drugs end in..?
-vudine or -vir
drug used to treat facial lesions of herpes zoster?
acyclovir
drug used to treat genital lesions of herpes zoster?
valacyclovir
