CNS I Test

Question 1

A sudden severe headache may be an indicator of:
hemorrhagic stroke
global ischemia from chronic heart failure
ischemic stroke in the cerebellum
lowered intracranial pressure
No answer text provided.

Answer 1

hemorrhagic stroke

Question 2

Which of the following can cause encephalitis due to infection?
measles
mumps
herpes virus
All of the choices are correct
West Nile virus

Answer 2

All of the choices are correct

Question 3

A cerebral aneurysm can:
cause ischemic cerebrovascular accident
induce gliosis
cause meningitis
cause a focal deficit upon hemorrhage
create global ischemia

Answer 3

cause a focal deficit upon hemorrhage

Question 4

Regarding brain metabolism:
Astrocytes are post-mitotic, that is, they do not divide any longer and if lost, they cannot be replaced.
The blood-brain barrier prevents entry and binding of toxic metals or lipophilic drugs.
The brain uses a large amount of the body’s glucose relative to its weight.
The brain is protected from ischemia due to cerebral autoregulation of blood flow.
Because neurons are terminally differentiated, they require very little oxygen or glucose.

Answer 4

The brain uses a large amount of the body’s glucose relative to its weight.

Question 5

Which of the following brain cell types can respond to injury by dividing and proliferating?
Kupffer cells
astrocytes
neurons
ependymal cells
None of the choices are correct

Answer 5

astrocytes

Question 6

Risk factors for stroke include:
obesity
use of hormonal contraceptive drugs
All of the choices are correct
atrial fibrillation
hypertension

Answer 6

All of the choices are correct

Question 7

The window of time to receive tPA for the treatment of ischemic stroke is less than 4.5 hours because:
beyond that excitotoxicity creates extensive neuronal death
it prepares the patient for surgical intervention
more tPA would have to be administered and it is a very expensive drug
excessive bleeding is more likely before 4 hours

Answer 7

beyond that excitotoxicity creates extensive neuronal death

Question 8

An epidural hematoma:
is located exterior to the dural membrane of the brain
can cause deficits locally due to its mass effects
None of the choices are correct
tends to be lateral so it cannot cause a midline shift of the brain
cannot cause swelling because it is external to the meninges

Answer 8

can cause deficits locally due to its mass effects

Question 9

Which of the following is a risk factor for stroke?
hypercholesterolemia
all of the choices are correct
smoking history
type II diabetes
obesity

Answer 9

all of the choices are correct

Question 10

The stroke awareness acronym FAST refers to:
Face, Ambulance, Speed, Tablets
Fast, Ambulance, Space, Time
Face, Arms, Speech, Time
Food, Airway, Speed, Trauma
Fast, Arms, Support, Trip

Answer 10

Face, Arms, Speech, Time

Question 11

A brain contusion is:
tissue laceration in the brain
whiplash
localized trauma
global ischemia
microscopic, widespread neuronal damage

Answer 11

localized trauma

Question 12

An ischemic stroke can result in the release of ________ from energy-depleted cells in the region of ischemia, triggering cell death
glucose
sodium
potassium
calcium
glutamate

Answer 12

glutamate

Question 13

Contraindications to stroke treatment with tPA include:
blood pressure of 190/90
ruptured cerebral aneurysm
received anticoagulant drugs within the past 24 hours
Age <65
All of the choices are correct

Answer 13

All of the choices are correct

Question 14

Features of neurons that make them particularly vulnerable to injury include:
lack of mitochondria
axonal regeneration
low glucose requirement
blood brain barrier
terminal differentiation

Answer 14

terminal differentiation