BLOOD/BONE Test Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT one of the causes of osteoporosis in patients of very advanced age?
less weight bearing or vigorous exercise
dietary changes
reduced osteoclast function
weight loss
reduced osteoblast activity
reduced osteoclast function
Mrs. H. is a 31 year old woman who suffered uterine hemorrhage and had to receive 3 units of blood in the hospital. She was prescribed iron supplements upon discharge. Which of the following are correct regarding Mrs. H.?
Once she fully recovers, she is less likely than a man, on average, to experience iron deficiency anemia
She likely felt short of breathe and was pale.
It is very critical that she receive exactly the salt form of iron that was prescribed.
Her heart rate would have been slow.
She likely felt short of breathe and was pale.
Pannus formation is part of the pathology of:
bone fracture repair
osteoporosis
osteomalacia
rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
Clinical features of osteoarthritis include::
symmetry of joint inflammation, such as in the joints of both hands or both knees/ankles
soft bones which become more deformed over time if they are weight-bearing
systemic features of inflammatory disease are present
joint stiffness after sitting a while and which improves after moving around for a few minutes
joint stiffness after sitting a while and which improves after moving around for a few minutes
Which of the following is NOT correct regarding bone remodeling?
Achieved by the actions of both osteoclasts AND osteoblasts.
It occurs throughout the lifespan.
It occurs at a slower rate in post-menopausal women
Old bone is replaced with new bone
It occurs at a slower rate in post-menopausal women
What is the major function of erythropoietin (EPO)?
Stimulate the production of lymphocytes
All of above
Stimulate the production of renal hormones
Stimulate the production of red blood cells
Stimulate the production of red blood cells
Bob has not been feeling well, he has a slightly elevated temperature, and his doctor orders a hematology panel with a CBC (Complete blood count). He was well until about a week ago and he has not been travelling. The report notes that his lymphocyte count is slightly elevated and the cells are large and moderately differentiated. Which of the following is most likely?
leukemia
tuberculosis
folic acid deficiency
viral infection
viral infection
Which of the following is/are bisphosphonates?
varenicline
alendronate and risedronate
risedronate
raloxifene
aldendronate
alendronate and risedronate
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) are now called estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists (ERAAs). Which is correct about this class of drugs used for osteoporosis treatment?
Raloxifene is an example.
They may cause esophageal irritation.
They bind RANKL and prevent osteoclast activation.
They are used exclusively in cancer patients with bone density loss.
Raloxifene is an example.
The metaphysis of long bones is:
very dense cortical bone
comprised of trabecular bone
lacking Haversian systems
the shaft of the bone
comprised of trabecular bone
What causes cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis?
prior trauma
osteoporotic bone changes in the joint
wear and tear on the joints over time
inflammation and proliferation of the joint synovium
inflammation and proliferation of the joint synovium
Cartilage breakdown and swelling is characteristic of:
rheumatoid arthritis
none of these are correct
osteoarthritis
osteoporosis
osteoarthritis
The mechanism of action of denosumab is:
binds to hydroxyapatite in bone and enhances intermolecular bonding to improve bone strength
reduces osteoclast formation and maturation
elevates systemic estrogen levels
causes apoptosis of osteoblasts
reduces osteoclast formation and maturation
Which of the following represents first-line therapy for osteoporosis, along with proper intake of calcium and vitamin D?
alendronate
high-dose estrogen therapy
testosterone
calcitonin
alendronate
The most common form of anemia is:
autoimmune
iron deficiency
folate deficiency
leukemia
iron deficiency
Joint deformity occurs in osteoarthritis because of:
thickening of the bone at the epiphyses
new cartilage formation at the joint edges
cartilage loss
lack of synovial fluid
cartilage loss
Which of the following are risk factors for osteoporosis in men?
androgen use
smoking
higher body weight (BMI)
wider bone width with aging
smoking
Iron-deficiency anemia is characterized by erythrocytes which show:
sickle-shape
microcytosis and anisocytosis
macrocytosis and dilution
zone of central density
microcytosis and anisocytosis
Osteomalacia is characterized by:
bone tumours at an early age
bowlegs
excessive osteoclast activity
hip fractures
bowlegs
Which of the following is correct regarding bone remodeling?
It occurs only during childhood growth unless a bone is fractured and healing must take place
Refers to new boney growth called spicules
It occurs at a slower rate in elderly patients
Stopping all bone remodeling is a positive outcome of bisphosphonate therapy.
Achieved by the actions of osteoblasts only.
It occurs at a slower rate in elderly patients
Infliximab is a drug that binds to TNF - alpha and blocks its action. Which of the following is correct regarding TNF-alpha inhibitors?
None of the choices are correct
They reduce risk of infection in patients taking them for bone disorders.
It is highly effective for osteoporosis.
They are an inexpensive treatment for osteoarthritis.
None of the choices are correct
Men and women over the age of 85 are at a much higher risk for falls and subsequent bone fractures. Which of the following is NOT one of the causes of age-related osteoporosis?
reduced exercise and muscle weakness
reduced osteoblast activity
changes in calcium intake and metabolism
slower bone turnover rate
slower bone turnover rate
This blood cell is derived from blast cells in hematopoietic cell development. It may be released from the bone marrow early and be more predominant when infection is present.
megakaryocyte
band cell
reticulocyte
basophil
band cell
Methotrexate is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It belongs to this class of drugs:
Anti-TNF alpha drug
gold salt
biologic
salicylate
immunomodulators
immunomodulators
Which of the following decrease bone resorption?
estrogens
All of the choices are correct
deosumab
bisphosphonates
All of the choices are correct
