CNS Development Flashcards
what different environments can have an affect on CNS development
intrauterine environment(eg maternal disease) or extrauterine environment(eg physical, emotional, exposure factors)
give some examples of intrauterine environments that can affect CNS development
maternal disease(eg PKU), insults during pregnancy(eg alcohol), placental function and foetal nutrition
what embryo layer gives rise to neural tissue after gastrulation, and what other tissue does it give rise to
the ectoderm, also gives rise to skin tissue which is why some CNS diseases can have skin symptoms(eg neurofibromatosis)
what is the first neural structure to form and when is this
the neural tube, develops at 20-27 weeks
what lines the inside of the neural tube
neural progenitors
what part of the neural tube develops into the ventricles
the hollow centre of the tube
what part of the neural tube develops in to the brain and the spinal cord
brain = the anterior/rostral end
spinal cord = the caudal end
what are the 3 primary brain vesicles
prosencephalon(forebrain), mesencephalon(midbrain), rhombencephalon(hindbrain)
why is development of gyri and sulci(folds) required in the brain
to accommodate the proliferating neuronal population
what are the different aspects of neuronal migration
somal(cell) translocation, radial glial guides, tangential migration and signalling pathways
once neurons reach there target region in migration, what processes do they develop to enable communication/transfer of info
axons and dendrites
briefly describe the roles of axons and dendrites in communication of info
axons = send info/signals between neurons dendrites = collect info/signals from neurons
describe the development of myelin sheaths
oligodendrocyte progenitor cells develop processes which wrap around the axons
(occurs mainly in first 2 years, but continues to 20s)
describe the different aspects of the reorganisation of the brain in adolescnence
many synapses eliminated, increase in white matter volume, changes in neurotransmitter systems
