CNS-Brain, cerebrum, limbic, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord Flashcards
what is gyri and sulci
gyri (folds)
sulci (shallow grooves)
Left and right cerebral hemispheres is Separated by
longitudinal fissure
Left and right cerebral hemispheres is connected by
corpus callosum
outer gray matter
cerebral cortex
Outer surface of gray matter have
Neuronal cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers
White matter beneath the cortex have
Myelinated fibers that transmit impulses
- Cerebral hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes+1
○ Frontal lobe
○ Parietal lobe
○ Temporal lobe
○ Occipital lobe
○ Insula
Motor areas
- Primary motor area
- Premotor area
- Broca’s area
○ Left side of the cerebrum controls skeletal muscles on
the right side of the body
Frontal lobe
- General sensory areas
- Primary sensory area
- Higher-level reasoning
Parietal Lobe
- Hearing
- Wernicke’s area
- Language
Temporal Lobe
- Vision
Occipital Lobe
- Complex of deep nuclei of cerebrum
- Associated with the thalamus of the diencephalon
Limbic system
2 parts of Diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
-acts as a switching station for incoming
sensory messages
-It directs the sensory messages to the appropriate lobe
of the cerebrum.
Thalamus
- Monitors the internal environment
- Temperature regulation
- Autonomic functions
○ Heart rate, digestive function, and urinary function - Endocrine functions
- Food and water intake
- Sexual development
Hypothalamus
The brainstem is composed of the ____________
medulla oblangata
pons
midbrain
reticular formations
- Most inferior section of the brainstem
- All ascending (sensory) and descending (motor)
information passes through - Motor tracts make up anterior raise the area called the
pyramids - Contains centers to regulate heart rate, respiratory
rate, and blood vessel diameter
medulla oblangata
controls vomiting
Emetic center
- Large bulge on the anterior surface of the brainstem
between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain - Serves as a bridge for motor tracts to the cerebellum
Pons
- The _____ has four bulges, called _________, on its
posterior surface.
-midbrain
- conculli
two superior colliculi are important for
Visual reflexes
○ The two inferior colliculi are important for
auditory reflexes
- Groups of cell bodies (called nuclei in the CNS, ganglia
in the PNS) are scattered throughout the brainstem. - it is important for arousal.
- It is responsible for sleep-wake cycles
Reticular Formation
- Second largest brain region
- Inferior to occipital and temporal lobes; posterior to
pons and medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
cerebellum has Two hemispheres connected by the
Vermis
cerebellum’s Outer layer of gray matter surrounding inner white matter called the ________
arbor vitae
- Controls and coordinates the interaction of skeletal
muscles - Controls posture, balance, and muscle coordination
- Damage results in loss of equilibrium, muscle
coordination, and muscle tone
Cerebellum
- Responsible for reflexive memory
- Important in keyboarding and martial arts
Cerebellum
__________ a solid structure from the foramen
magnum to L1.
The spinal cord
- Descends from medulla oblongata through foramen
magnum - Passes through vertebral canal to level of 2nd lumbar vertebra
spinal cord
bundle of nerve roots L1-S5
Cauda equina (horse tail)
- is internal and butterfly shaped.
- Mostly interneurons
- Central canal
- Anterior horns
- Posterior horns
Gray matter
- surrounds the gray matter.
- Anterior column
- Posterior column
- Lateral column
- Columns are composed of nerve tracts.
White matter
Functions of spinal cord
- Transmits impulses to and from brain
- Ascending (sensory) tracts
- Descending (motor) tracts
- Reflex center for spinal reflexes
composed of myelinated axons
white matter
composed of dendrites, cell bodies, unmyelinated neurons
gray matter
-Fatty lipid rich substance
-increases speed of electrical impulse
Myelin sheath
-Junction between 1 neuron and the next
-information gets transmitted from one cell to next
synapse
