CNS-Brain, cerebrum, limbic, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

what is gyri and sulci

A

gyri (folds)
sulci (shallow grooves)

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2
Q

Left and right cerebral hemispheres is Separated by

A

longitudinal fissure

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3
Q

Left and right cerebral hemispheres is connected by

A

corpus callosum

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4
Q

outer gray matter

A

cerebral cortex

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5
Q

Outer surface of gray matter have

A

Neuronal cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

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6
Q

White matter beneath the cortex have

A

Myelinated fibers that transmit impulses

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7
Q
  • Cerebral hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes+1
A

○ Frontal lobe
○ Parietal lobe
○ Temporal lobe
○ Occipital lobe
○ Insula

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8
Q

Motor areas
- Primary motor area
- Premotor area
- Broca’s area
○ Left side of the cerebrum controls skeletal muscles on
the right side of the body

A

Frontal lobe

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9
Q
  • General sensory areas
  • Primary sensory area
  • Higher-level reasoning
A

Parietal Lobe

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10
Q
  • Hearing
  • Wernicke’s area
  • Language
A

Temporal Lobe

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11
Q
  • Vision
A

Occipital Lobe

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12
Q
  • Complex of deep nuclei of cerebrum
  • Associated with the thalamus of the diencephalon
A

Limbic system

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13
Q

2 parts of Diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

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14
Q

-acts as a switching station for incoming
sensory messages
-It directs the sensory messages to the appropriate lobe
of the cerebrum.

A

Thalamus

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15
Q
  • Monitors the internal environment
  • Temperature regulation
  • Autonomic functions
    ○ Heart rate, digestive function, and urinary function
  • Endocrine functions
  • Food and water intake
  • Sexual development
A

Hypothalamus

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16
Q

The brainstem is composed of the ____________

A

medulla oblangata
pons
midbrain
reticular formations

17
Q
  • Most inferior section of the brainstem
  • All ascending (sensory) and descending (motor)
    information passes through
  • Motor tracts make up anterior raise the area called the
    pyramids
  • Contains centers to regulate heart rate, respiratory
    rate, and blood vessel diameter
A

medulla oblangata

18
Q

controls vomiting

A

Emetic center

19
Q
  • Large bulge on the anterior surface of the brainstem
    between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain
  • Serves as a bridge for motor tracts to the cerebellum
A

Pons

20
Q
  • The _____ has four bulges, called _________, on its
    posterior surface.
A

-midbrain
- conculli

21
Q

two superior colliculi are important for

A

Visual reflexes

22
Q

○ The two inferior colliculi are important for

A

auditory reflexes

23
Q
  • Groups of cell bodies (called nuclei in the CNS, ganglia
    in the PNS) are scattered throughout the brainstem.
  • it is important for arousal.
  • It is responsible for sleep-wake cycles
A

Reticular Formation

24
Q
  • Second largest brain region
  • Inferior to occipital and temporal lobes; posterior to
    pons and medulla oblongata
A

Cerebellum

25
Q

cerebellum has Two hemispheres connected by the

A

Vermis

26
Q

cerebellum’s Outer layer of gray matter surrounding inner white matter called the ________

A

arbor vitae

27
Q
  • Controls and coordinates the interaction of skeletal
    muscles
  • Controls posture, balance, and muscle coordination
  • Damage results in loss of equilibrium, muscle
    coordination, and muscle tone
A

Cerebellum

28
Q
  • Responsible for reflexive memory
  • Important in keyboarding and martial arts
A

Cerebellum

29
Q

__________ a solid structure from the foramen
magnum to L1.

A

The spinal cord

30
Q
  • Descends from medulla oblongata through foramen
    magnum
  • Passes through vertebral canal to level of 2nd lumbar vertebra
A

spinal cord

31
Q

bundle of nerve roots L1-S5

A

Cauda equina (horse tail)

32
Q
  • is internal and butterfly shaped.
  • Mostly interneurons
  • Central canal
  • Anterior horns
  • Posterior horns
A

Gray matter

33
Q
  • surrounds the gray matter.
  • Anterior column
  • Posterior column
  • Lateral column
  • Columns are composed of nerve tracts.
A

White matter

34
Q

Functions of spinal cord

A
  1. Transmits impulses to and from brain
  2. Ascending (sensory) tracts
  3. Descending (motor) tracts
  4. Reflex center for spinal reflexes
35
Q

composed of myelinated axons

A

white matter

36
Q

composed of dendrites, cell bodies, unmyelinated neurons

A

gray matter

37
Q

-Fatty lipid rich substance
-increases speed of electrical impulse

A

Myelin sheath

38
Q

-Junction between 1 neuron and the next
-information gets transmitted from one cell to next

A

synapse