AXIAL SKELETON Flashcards
longer than they are wide
and have clubby ends
Long bones
are cubelike. Example: carpal
bone
Short bones
look like they are a sheet of clay
that has been molded. Example: parietal
bone.
Flat bones
have many projections and
spines. Example: vertebrae.
Irregular bones
grow in tendons where
there is a lot of friction. Example: patella.
Sesamoid bones
CRANIAL BONES
Frontal bone
Parietal bones
Occipital bones
Temporal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
FACIAL BONES
Maxillae
Palatine bones
Zygomatic bones
Lacrimal bones
Inferior nasal conchae
Mandible
skull bones contain sinuses:
- Sphenoid sinus
- Frontal sinus
- Ethmoid sinus
- Maxillary sinus
Anterior part of cranium
Frontal bone
- Sides and roof of cranium
Parietal bones
- Posterior portion and floor of cranium
Occipital bones
- Inferior to parietal bones on each side of the
cranium - Temporomandibular joint
Temporal bones
portions of eye orbit
Sphenoid bone
medial surface of eye orbit and roof of nasal
Ethmoid bone
- Form upper jaw
Maxillae
- Form posterior portion of hard palate
Palatine bones
- Cheek bones
Zygomatic bones
- Medial surfaces of eye orbits
Lacrimal bones
- Form bridge of nose
Nasal bones
Forms nasal septum with the ethmoid bone
Vomer
- Attached to lateral walls of nasal cavity
Inferior nasal conchae
- Lower jawbone
- Only movable skull bone
Mandible
- Extends from skull to pelvis
Spinal Column
- Scoliosis: lateral curvature
- Kyphosis: hunchback
- Lordosis: swayback
Abnormal spinal curvatures
Structure of a Vertebrae
- Vertebral foramen
- Spinous process
- Transverse process
- Body
- Support neck
- Possess unique transverse foramen
Cervical Vertebrae
• Articulates occipital condyles of occipital
bone
• Supports head
Atlas: cervical vertebra 1
• Possesses the odontoid process (dens)
• Serves as a pivot point for atlas
Axis: cervical vertebra 2
- Larger vertebra with longer spinous process
then cervical vertebrae - Ribs articulate on the facets of the
transverse processes and bodies
Thoracic Vertebrae
- Heavy, thick bodies to support greater stress
and weight - Larger processes for attachment of back
muscles
Lumbar Vertebrae
- Five fused sacral bones
- Forms posterior wall of pelvic girdle
Sacrum
- Tailbone
- Three to five fused rudimentary vertebrae
Coccyx
The axial skeleton contains the following bones:
Sternum
Ribs
Hyoid bone
- Attached to thoracic vertebrae
Ribs
• Attached to sternum directly by costal
cartilages
True ribs (#1-7)
• Attach to costal cartilage of superior ribs
False ribs (#8-12)
• Do not attach anteriorly, no costal
cartilages
Floating ribs (#11-12)
- Found in anterior portion of neck, inferior to
mandible - Does not articulate with any other bones
- Used as attachment site for tongue muscles
Hyoid bone
