CNS-anatomical division, function, neurons,meninges,

Question 1

-Body’s neural control center
- Brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

• Central nervous system (CNS

Question 2

-Located outside the nervous system
-Consists of nerves and sensory receptors

Answer 2

• Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

-carry afferent (incoming) messages to the brain or
spinal cord.
- Carries impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS

Answer 3

Sensory division

Question 4

• Carries impulses from CNS to effectors
  -carry efferent (outgoing) messages away from the
  brain and spinal cord.

Answer 4

• Motor division

Question 5

-Motor division has two divisions:

Answer 5

○ Somatic nervous system
○ Autonomic nervous system

Question 6

-Voluntary control of skeletal muscle

Answer 6

Somatic nervous system

Question 7

-Involuntary control of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Answer 7

Autonomic nervous system

Question 8

The autonomic division has two subdivisions:

Answer 8

Parasympathetic
Sympathetic

Question 9

-sends electrical messages to carry out functions for
vegetative activities such as digestion, defecation, and
urination.

Answer 9

Parasympathetic

Question 10

-sends electrical messages to prepare the body for
physical activity, often referred to as fight or flight

Answer 10

Sympathetic .

Question 11

Neurons have basically three parts:

Answer 11

dendrites
cell bodies
axons

Question 12

-receives information
- A neuron may have anywhere from 1 to 1,000 ________
- The more _______ the neuron has, the more information it can process.
- make multiple connections and form precise pathways.
- Incoming messages travel from the dendrites toward the body

Answer 12

Dendrites

Question 13

-are involved in protein synthesis
-nucleus and organelles for protein synthesis
-Neurotransmitters are made in the ____ of the neuron
through protein synthesis.

Answer 13

Body

Question 14

-transmit electrical impulses.
-____ leaves the neuron body at the axon hillock, also
called the trigger zone.
-A synaptic knob at the end of each branch forms a synapse (junction)

Answer 14

Axon.

Question 15

○ Several dendrites
○ Single axon
* Neurons whose cell bodies are located in the brain and spinal
cord are _____

Answer 15

multipolar neurons

Question 16

• Two processes:
  ○ Dendrite
  ○ Axon
• occur in the sensory portions of the eyes,
  ears, and nose

Answer 16

Bipolar neurons

Question 17

• A single process extending from the cell body
  -Process divides into two branches extending in opposite
  directions
  -Branches function as a single axon
  -sensory from the skin and organs

Answer 17

Unipolar neurons

Question 18

There are six types of neuroglial cells that aid in neuron
function:

Answer 18

Ependymal
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
schwann cells
satellite cells

Question 19

form myelin in the CNS.

Answer 19

Oligodendrocytes

Question 20

cells produce cerebrospinal fluid in the
CNS.

Answer 20

Ependymal

Question 21

form the blood-brain barrier in the CNS.
-most numerous
-maintain chemical concentration
-repair

Answer 21

Astrocytes

Question 22

astrocytes that fill space with scar tissue

Answer 22

Sclerosis

Question 23

-axon emerges frim cell body
-initial part of axon

Answer 23

Axon Hillock

Question 24

-jumping conduction known as saltatory conduction

Answer 24

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 25

seek out and fight pathogens in the CNS.

Answer 25

Microglia

Question 26

form myelin in the PNS.

Answer 26

Schwann cells

Question 27

control the environment for ganglia in
the PNS.

Answer 27

Satellite cells

Question 28

• The brain and spinal cord are covered with three
  membranes called
  -3 fibrous membranes

Answer 28

meninges

Question 29

3 Meninges

Answer 29

Dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 30

• Tough, outermost layer
• Attached to cranial bones
• Forms protective tube in vertebral canal

Answer 30

Dura mater (tough mother)

Question 31

contains blood vessels, adipose tissue,
and loose connective tissue

Answer 31

Epidural space

Question 32

• Middle layer
• Thin, weblike, avascular
• Does not penetrate smaller depressions like the pia

Answer 32

Arachnoid mater (spider-like mother)

Question 33

• Filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 33

Subarachnoid space

Question 34

• Thin, innermost layer
• Adheres to CNS structure surfaces
• Contain blood vessels to nourish brain and spinal cord

Answer 34

Pia mater (affectionate mother)

Question 35

Produced by choroid plexuses in the ventricles

Answer 35

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 36

Ventricles that produces CSF

Answer 36

Two lateral ventricles
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle

Question 37

• Within cerebral hemispheres

Answer 37

Two lateral ventricles

Question 38

• Midline of diencephalon

Answer 38

Third ventricle

Question 39

• Midline of brain stem
• Continuous with central canal of spinal cord

Answer 39

Fourth ventricle

Question 40

Flow of cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 40

-Lateral ventricles to third ventricle to fourth ventricle
to central canal or subarachnoid space

• From subarachnoid space upwards around the brain or
  down posterior side of spinal cord, then up anterior side

Question 41

Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed in________ within
dura mater.

Answer 41

Dural sinus

Question 42

Functions of CSF

Answer 42

-provides bouyancy
-provides protection
-facilitates chemical stability
-provides nutrients