CNS Flashcards
what is the PNS composed of ?
Nerves (cranial and spinal) and ganglia outside brain and spinal cord
What are the 3 components you can split the brain into?
Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
What can you split the forebrain into?
Cerebral Hemispheres and Diencephalon
what does the hindbrain consist of?
Pons, medulla, cerebellum
what does the diencepholon consist of?
Thalamus, hyperthalamus,
what are the different lobes associated with?
Frontal- motor function, language, cognitive e.g.planning , attention and memory
Parietal-Sensation, sensory aspects of language, spatial orientation and self perception
Occipital- vision
Temporal-auditory
What does the limbic lobe consist of? What is it associated with?
Amygdala, hippocampus, mamillary body, cingulate gyrus Learning, memory, emotion, motivation and reward
what cortex is deep within the lateral fissure? What is it concerned with?
Insular cortex visceral sensations, autonomic control, interoception (awareness about if inside of your body is working properly), auditory processing, visual vestibular integration(concerned with balance and coordination)
what are the 3 layers of the meninges?
Dura- peristeal - meningeal
Arachnoid (fibrous and thin)
Pia (meshlike and thin) (cerebral cortex underneath the pia)mater)
what is a vertical cross section of the brain called?
Mid sagital view
Where in the brain does the cerebrospinal fluid occupy?
Ventricular system and then sub arachnoid space
Where is the cerebro-spinal fluid produced in the brain?
produced in modified epithelial cells called the choroid plexus of lateral 3rd and 4th ventricles of the brain
where is the cerebro-spinal fluid reabsorbed?
via arachnoid villi(granulations) into the superior sagittal sinus
what is the difference between the makeup of the CSF vs Plasma?
CSF = lower pH. less glucose, less protein, less potassium, same sodium conc
What does blood and high protein in the CSF indicate?
blood= internal bleeding Protein= some sort of disease or disorder as there is a barely any protein in the CSF usually
what extends from the spinal cord grey matter?
dorsal rootlets which form doral root at the back of the spinal cord Ventral rootlets which form ventral roots at the front of the spinal cord
what is grey matter of the spinal cord split into
2 main parts- dorsal horn and ventral horn
what information is conveyed by the ventral root and dorsal root?
Dorsal- sensory and afferent Ventral- motor and efferent
what is the mixed spinal nerve?
has afferent an efferent signals, as the dorsal and ventral root are still joined together
what is the dorsal root ganglian?
swelling of dorsal root as it contains cell bodies for sensory nerves
what is the posterior ramus?
comes off of the mixed spinal nerve
consists of a mixture of afferent and efferent nerves.
Communicates with muscle and skin at the BACK of spine
mixed spinal nerve communicates with the rest of the body as it is a bigger branch