CNS Flashcards
1
Q
neurotransmitter in charge of calming - reducing excitability
A
GABA
2
Q
neurotransmitter in charge of mood swings
A
serotonin
3
Q
neurotransmitter in charge of excitment and pleasure
A
dopamine
4
Q
neurotransmitter in charge of fight or flight
A
norepinephrine and vasopressin (adrenaline)
5
Q
the neurotransmitter in charge of muscle movement and concentration
A
acetylcholine
6
Q
3 use for anxiolytics
A
anti-anxiety
seizure control
alcohol withdrawal
7
Q
anxiolytics have a ____ like _____ effect
A
sedative, hypnotic
8
Q
5 types of anxiolytics
A
benzodiazepines
barbiturates
Buspirone (Buspar)
Dexmedetomodine (Precedex)
Eszoplicone (Lunesta)
9
Q
benzodiazepines and barbiturates work by enhancing ____
A
GABA
10
Q
benzodiazepines endings
A
-lam
-pam
11
Q
benzodiazepine routes
A
oral, IM, IV
12
Q
5 uses for benzodiazepines
A
anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, agitation, anesthesia procedures, seizure control
13
Q
3 benzodiazepine side effects
A
drowsiness, depression, dependence
14
Q
reversal agent for benzodiazepine
A
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
15
Q
pts. to use caution with benzodiazepine
A
pregnant women
16
Q
barbiturates ending
A
-barbital
17
Q
6 side effects of barbiturates
A
drowsiness, dependence, respiratory depression, confusion, urinary retention, lowered libido
18
Q
time is takes for barbiturates to take effect
A
several weeks
19
Q
barbiturates toxicity levels
A
greater than 40
20
Q
2 uses for barbiturates
A
mood stabilizer and alcohol with drawal
21
Q
barbiturate used for alcohol withdrawal
A
Phenobarbital
22
Q
benzodiazepine used for alcohol withdrawal
A
Lorazepam
23
Q
anxiolytics that treats low level/mild anxiety
A
Buspirone
24
Q
anxiolytic used to get patients off of narcotics
A
Dexmedetomidine
25
anxiolytic used as a sleep aid
Eszopiclone
26
depression is due to low production or lack of response to ______ and ______
serotonin and norepinephrine
27
5 types of antidepressants
tricyclic antidepressants
SSRIs
SNRIs
MAOIs
Atypical antidepressants
28
antidepressants that block the reuptake of serotonin and norepi in presynaptic terminals
tricyclic antidepressants
29
6 side effects of tricyclic antidepressants
anticholinergic, GI, weight gain, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, sedation
30
4 contraindications of tricyclic antidepressants
recent MI, diabetes, seizure disorders, MAOI use
31
what time of day to give tricyclic antidepressants
night
32
watch for _____ _____ tricyclic antidepressants
suicidal ideation
33
most of the tricyclic antidepressants are pregnancy category __
C
34
MAOIs block the enzymes that break down _________, _______, and _______
norepi, dopamine, serotonin
35
MOAIs allow for norepi, dopamine, and serotonin to accumulate in the _____ ____
synaptic cleft
36
5 side effects of MAOIs
agitation, mania, insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension
37
antidepressants that have many interactions with many foods and drugs
MAOIs
38
3 things to monitor for with MAOIs
HTN crisis
renal impairment
hepatic impairment
39
MAOIs pregnancy category
C
40
antidepressants that block the reuptake of serotonin so that there is more available
SSRIs
41
2 side effects of SSRIs
sexual dysfunction, urinary retention
42
time of day to give SSRIs
morning
43
pregnancy category of SSRIs
C
44
side effects ______ the longer you take SSRIs
decrease
45
SSRIs take __ to __ weeks to start woking fully
4 to 8
46
off label treatments for SSRIs
OCD and phobias
47
antidepressants that increase levels of serotonin and norepi
SNRIs
48
2 side effects of SNRIs
tachycardia, sexual dysfunction
49
pregnancy category for SNRIs
B and C
50
watch for patients with ______ when giving SNRIs
hypertension
51
medical emergency where serotonin levels are too high
serotonin syndrome
52
signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome
high BP, tachycardia, increased temperature, muscle rigidity and contractures, increased sweating, dilating pupils, alertness changes
53
3 things that atypical antidepressants work on
norepi, serotonin, dopamine
54
2 side effects of atypical antidepressants
agitation, increased seizure risk
55
atypical antidepressants can be used for ______ cessation
smoking
56
typical antipsychotics block ______ receptors
dopamine
57
antipsychotics promote ______ stability and reduce ______
stability, excitability
58
2 types of typical antipsychotics
phenothiazines and nonphenothiazides
59
4 side effects of typical antipsychotics
anticholinergics, hypotension, agranulocytosis, EPS
60
typical antipsychotic used more for inpatient setting than outpatient
Haloperidol (Haldol)
61
atypical antipsychotics block _______ and _______ and have less blockage of ____
dopamine, serotonin, D2
62
atypical antipsychotics have less of a risk of _____ than typical antipsychotics
EPS
63
4 side effects of atypical antipsychotics
sedation
weight gain
high lipids
high glucose
64
some atypical antipsychotics have ________ as a side effect
agranulocytosis
65
what EPS stands for
extrapyramidal side effects
66
atypical antipsychotics are usually bad for people with ______ disease
heart
67
serious neurological symptoms that are a major side effect of antipsychotic drugs
extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)
68
4 EPS
acute dystonia
pseudoparkinsonism
akathisia
tardive dyskinesia
69
4 things seen is acute dystonia
facial grimacing
involuntary upward eye movement
muscle spasms of the face and neck
laryngeal spasms
70
people with acute dystonia have a risk of ______
aspirating
71
6 things seen with pseudoparkinsonism
stooped posture
shuffling gait
rigidity
bradykinesia
tremors at rest
pill rolling motion of hand
72
4 things seen in akathasia
restless
trouble standing still
pacing
constant feet movement
73
5 things seen in tardive dyskinesia
rolling tongue
sucking/smacking lips
chewing motion
facial dyskinesia
involuntary movements of body
74
3 conditions that CNS stimulants are used to treat
ADHD
ADD
narcolepsy
75
CNS stimulants work by increasing ________ in the brain, specifically ______
catecholamines, acetylcholine
76
CNS also release more _______
dopmaine
77
9 side effects of CNS stimulants
insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension, anxiety, nervousness, restlessness, GI upset, arrhythmias, decreased appetite
78
2 things to avoid when taking CNS stimulants
caffeine and alcohol
79
CNS stimulants off label use
weight loss supplement
80
long term use of CNS stimulants can cause ______ issues because fo prolonged high BP and HR
systemic
81
5 anticonvulsant medications
barbiturates
benzodiazepines
hydantoins
partial-seizure meds
valproic acid/sodium valproate
82
hydantoins inhibit _______ to decrease neuron firing and interfere with neuron pathways
sodium
83
3 side effects of hydantoins
lethargy
dysrhythmias
bone marrow supression
84
hydantoins have a very ____ therapeutic range
narrow
85
toxicity level with Dilantin (hydantoin)
greater than 50
86
pregnancy category of hydantoins
D
87
hydantoins have a high _____ bond
protein
88
watch the _____ when administering hydantoins
liver
89
partial seizure medications work on _____ and _____ channels to decrease neuronal transmission
sodium and calcium
90
partial seizure medications also increase ____
GABA
91
2 side effects of partial seizure medications
drowsiness and bone marrow supression
92
partial seizure medication that is also used for diabetic neuropathy
Gabapentin (Neurotin)
93
valproic acid/sodium valproate increases the effects of ____
GABA
94
most common side effect of valproic acid/sodium valproate
cardiac arrest
95
2 side effects of valproic acid/sodium valproate
bleeding disorders, pancreatitis
96
your body has natural _____ receptors in your _____ and _____ ___ that help block pain
opioid, thalamus, spinal cord
97
_______ also help to block pain
endorphins
98
which patients should avoid NSAIDs and other anti-inflammatory meds
kidney disease or bleeding disorders
99
______ can reduce inflammation
steroids
100
watch ____ ____ with patients on steroids
blood glucose
101
narcotics cause a reaction/attachment to _____ receptors within the body
opioid
102
narcotic used in surgical setting because it is so strong
hydromorphone
103
synthetic narcotic that is easy to produce and distribute
fetanyl
104
5 side effects of narcotics
GI, N/V, dizziness/syncope, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention
