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Pharm > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

neurotransmitter in charge of calming - reducing excitability

A

GABA

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2
Q

neurotransmitter in charge of mood swings

A

serotonin

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3
Q

neurotransmitter in charge of excitment and pleasure

A

dopamine

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4
Q

neurotransmitter in charge of fight or flight

A

norepinephrine and vasopressin (adrenaline)

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5
Q

the neurotransmitter in charge of muscle movement and concentration

A

acetylcholine

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6
Q

3 use for anxiolytics

A

anti-anxiety
seizure control
alcohol withdrawal

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7
Q

anxiolytics have a ____ like _____ effect

A

sedative, hypnotic

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8
Q

5 types of anxiolytics

A

benzodiazepines
barbiturates
Buspirone (Buspar)
Dexmedetomodine (Precedex)
Eszoplicone (Lunesta)

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9
Q

benzodiazepines and barbiturates work by enhancing ____

A

GABA

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10
Q

benzodiazepines endings

A

-lam
-pam

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11
Q

benzodiazepine routes

A

oral, IM, IV

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12
Q

5 uses for benzodiazepines

A

anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, agitation, anesthesia procedures, seizure control

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13
Q

3 benzodiazepine side effects

A

drowsiness, depression, dependence

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14
Q

reversal agent for benzodiazepine

A

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

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15
Q

pts. to use caution with benzodiazepine

A

pregnant women

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16
Q

barbiturates ending

A

-barbital

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17
Q

6 side effects of barbiturates

A

drowsiness, dependence, respiratory depression, confusion, urinary retention, lowered libido

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18
Q

time is takes for barbiturates to take effect

A

several weeks

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19
Q

barbiturates toxicity levels

A

greater than 40

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20
Q

2 uses for barbiturates

A

mood stabilizer and alcohol with drawal

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21
Q

barbiturate used for alcohol withdrawal

A

Phenobarbital

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22
Q

benzodiazepine used for alcohol withdrawal

A

Lorazepam

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23
Q

anxiolytics that treats low level/mild anxiety

A

Buspirone

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24
Q

anxiolytic used to get patients off of narcotics

A

Dexmedetomidine

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25
Q

anxiolytic used as a sleep aid

A

Eszopiclone

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26
Q

depression is due to low production or lack of response to ______ and ______

A

serotonin and norepinephrine

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27
Q

5 types of antidepressants

A

tricyclic antidepressants
SSRIs
SNRIs
MAOIs
Atypical antidepressants

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28
Q

antidepressants that block the reuptake of serotonin and norepi in presynaptic terminals

A

tricyclic antidepressants

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29
Q

6 side effects of tricyclic antidepressants

A

anticholinergic, GI, weight gain, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, sedation

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30
Q

4 contraindications of tricyclic antidepressants

A

recent MI, diabetes, seizure disorders, MAOI use

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31
Q

what time of day to give tricyclic antidepressants

A

night

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32
Q

watch for _____ _____ tricyclic antidepressants

A

suicidal ideation

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33
Q

most of the tricyclic antidepressants are pregnancy category __

A

C

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34
Q

MAOIs block the enzymes that break down _________, _______, and _______

A

norepi, dopamine, serotonin

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35
Q

MOAIs allow for norepi, dopamine, and serotonin to accumulate in the _____ ____

A

synaptic cleft

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36
Q

5 side effects of MAOIs

A

agitation, mania, insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension

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37
Q

antidepressants that have many interactions with many foods and drugs

A

MAOIs

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38
Q

3 things to monitor for with MAOIs

A

HTN crisis
renal impairment
hepatic impairment

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39
Q

MAOIs pregnancy category

A

C

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40
Q

antidepressants that block the reuptake of serotonin so that there is more available

A

SSRIs

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41
Q

2 side effects of SSRIs

A

sexual dysfunction, urinary retention

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42
Q

time of day to give SSRIs

A

morning

43
Q

pregnancy category of SSRIs

A

C

44
Q

side effects ______ the longer you take SSRIs

A

decrease

45
Q

SSRIs take __ to __ weeks to start woking fully

A

4 to 8

46
Q

off label treatments for SSRIs

A

OCD and phobias

47
Q

antidepressants that increase levels of serotonin and norepi

A

SNRIs

48
Q

2 side effects of SNRIs

A

tachycardia, sexual dysfunction

49
Q

pregnancy category for SNRIs

A

B and C

50
Q

watch for patients with ______ when giving SNRIs

A

hypertension

51
Q

medical emergency where serotonin levels are too high

A

serotonin syndrome

52
Q

signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome

A

high BP, tachycardia, increased temperature, muscle rigidity and contractures, increased sweating, dilating pupils, alertness changes

53
Q

3 things that atypical antidepressants work on

A

norepi, serotonin, dopamine

54
Q

2 side effects of atypical antidepressants

A

agitation, increased seizure risk

55
Q

atypical antidepressants can be used for ______ cessation

A

smoking

56
Q

typical antipsychotics block ______ receptors

A

dopamine

57
Q

antipsychotics promote ______ stability and reduce ______

A

stability, excitability

58
Q

2 types of typical antipsychotics

A

phenothiazines and nonphenothiazides

59
Q

4 side effects of typical antipsychotics

A

anticholinergics, hypotension, agranulocytosis, EPS

60
Q

typical antipsychotic used more for inpatient setting than outpatient

A

Haloperidol (Haldol)

61
Q

atypical antipsychotics block _______ and _______ and have less blockage of ____

A

dopamine, serotonin, D2

62
Q

atypical antipsychotics have less of a risk of _____ than typical antipsychotics

A

EPS

63
Q

4 side effects of atypical antipsychotics

A

sedation
weight gain
high lipids
high glucose

64
Q

some atypical antipsychotics have ________ as a side effect

A

agranulocytosis

65
Q

what EPS stands for

A

extrapyramidal side effects

66
Q

atypical antipsychotics are usually bad for people with ______ disease

A

heart

67
Q

serious neurological symptoms that are a major side effect of antipsychotic drugs

A

extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)

68
Q

4 EPS

A

acute dystonia
pseudoparkinsonism
akathisia
tardive dyskinesia

69
Q

4 things seen is acute dystonia

A

facial grimacing
involuntary upward eye movement
muscle spasms of the face and neck
laryngeal spasms

70
Q

people with acute dystonia have a risk of ______

A

aspirating

71
Q

6 things seen with pseudoparkinsonism

A

stooped posture
shuffling gait
rigidity
bradykinesia
tremors at rest
pill rolling motion of hand

72
Q

4 things seen in akathasia

A

restless
trouble standing still
pacing
constant feet movement

73
Q

5 things seen in tardive dyskinesia

A

rolling tongue
sucking/smacking lips
chewing motion
facial dyskinesia
involuntary movements of body

74
Q

3 conditions that CNS stimulants are used to treat

A

ADHD
ADD
narcolepsy

75
Q

CNS stimulants work by increasing ________ in the brain, specifically ______

A

catecholamines, acetylcholine

76
Q

CNS also release more _______

A

dopmaine

77
Q

9 side effects of CNS stimulants

A

insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension, anxiety, nervousness, restlessness, GI upset, arrhythmias, decreased appetite

78
Q

2 things to avoid when taking CNS stimulants

A

caffeine and alcohol

79
Q

CNS stimulants off label use

A

weight loss supplement

80
Q

long term use of CNS stimulants can cause ______ issues because fo prolonged high BP and HR

A

systemic

81
Q

5 anticonvulsant medications

A

barbiturates
benzodiazepines
hydantoins
partial-seizure meds
valproic acid/sodium valproate

82
Q

hydantoins inhibit _______ to decrease neuron firing and interfere with neuron pathways

A

sodium

83
Q

3 side effects of hydantoins

A

lethargy
dysrhythmias
bone marrow supression

84
Q

hydantoins have a very ____ therapeutic range

A

narrow

85
Q

toxicity level with Dilantin (hydantoin)

A

greater than 50

86
Q

pregnancy category of hydantoins

A

D

87
Q

hydantoins have a high _____ bond

A

protein

88
Q

watch the _____ when administering hydantoins

A

liver

89
Q

partial seizure medications work on _____ and _____ channels to decrease neuronal transmission

A

sodium and calcium

90
Q

partial seizure medications also increase ____

A

GABA

91
Q

2 side effects of partial seizure medications

A

drowsiness and bone marrow supression

92
Q

partial seizure medication that is also used for diabetic neuropathy

A

Gabapentin (Neurotin)

93
Q

valproic acid/sodium valproate increases the effects of ____

A

GABA

94
Q

most common side effect of valproic acid/sodium valproate

A

cardiac arrest

95
Q

2 side effects of valproic acid/sodium valproate

A

bleeding disorders, pancreatitis

96
Q

your body has natural _____ receptors in your _____ and _____ ___ that help block pain

A

opioid, thalamus, spinal cord

97
Q

_______ also help to block pain

A

endorphins

98
Q

which patients should avoid NSAIDs and other anti-inflammatory meds

A

kidney disease or bleeding disorders

99
Q

______ can reduce inflammation

A

steroids

100
Q

watch ____ ____ with patients on steroids

A

blood glucose

101
Q

narcotics cause a reaction/attachment to _____ receptors within the body

A

opioid

102
Q

narcotic used in surgical setting because it is so strong

A

hydromorphone

103
Q

synthetic narcotic that is easy to produce and distribute

A

fetanyl

104
Q

5 side effects of narcotics

A

GI, N/V, dizziness/syncope, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention

Pharm (9 decks)

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