Cnidaria And Porifera Flashcards
An organism whose mouth forms second during the process of gastrulation
Deuterostome
Body symmetry where the organism can be divided into two right and left halves
Bilateral
The middle layer of a developing embryo
Mesoderm
Animals with backbones
Vertebrates
Pieces of silica which make up the “skeleton” of many sponges
Spicules
The top side of an organism
Dorsal
The cells in sponges that are responsible for moving water currents through the sponge
Collar cells
The gathering of nerve tissue and sensory organs at the anterior end of the body
Cephalization
The “rear” end of an organism
Posterior
A hollow ball of cells formed after a zygote undergoes several rounds of cell division
Blastula
The motile stage of the sponge life cycle
Larva
The process of eliminating cellular waste
Excretion
An organism whose mouth is formed first during gastrulation
Protostome
A word which describes organisms which exhibit no definite symmetry
Asymmetrical
Animals with no backbones
Invertebrates
Stinging cells found along the tentacles of Cnidarians
Cnidocytes
The inner-most germ layer of a developing embryo
Endoderm
The free-swimming, sexually reproducing generation of a Cnidarian
Medusa
The type of body symmetry where the organism is symmetrical numerous ways around a central axis
Radial
Animals that must eat other organisms for energy
Heterotrophs
The flexible protein which makes up the supporting structure of many sponges
Spongin
The opening where water leaves a sponge
Osculum
Organisms that don’t move are _______?
Sessile
The name for the jelly-like substance found between the endoderm and ectoderm in Cnidarians
Mesoglea
The underside of an organism
Ventral
A poison filled, stinging dart found in Cnidarians
Nematocysts
The __________ cavity in Cnidarians is a analogous to the human stomach
Gastrovascular
The front end of an organism
Anterior
The sessile, asexually reproducing generation of a Cnidarian
Polyp
The outermost layer of a developing embryo
Ectoderm
A body cavity which forms in many animals; organs are often located within this cavity
Coelem
The 5 characteristics of an animal
- Heterotrophic and usually obtain food through ingestion followed by digestion
- Typically can move by muscle fibres
- Multicellular with specialized cells
- Typically diploid in adult stage of life cycle
- Sexual reproduction, produces and embryo
3% of animals
Are vertebrates
97% of animals
Invertebrates
The 2 body plans
- The sac plan
- The tube within a tube plan
Level of organization
- Cell
- Tissue- a group of similar cells
- Organ- different types of tissues grouped together
Filter organisms out of the water
Filter feeders
Feed on decaying plant and animal materials
detritus feeders
Diffusion happens through?
Cell membrane, skin, lungs
Can move but remains often in one spot
Sedentary
Cnidarians have what form of symmetry?
Radial symmetry
True tissues
Ectoderm- inside layer
Ectoderm- outside layer
Mesoglea- the jelly between the 2 tissue layers
Cells called __________ which contain stinging structures called ____________
Cnidocytes, nematocysts
The two alternating generations in Cnidarians
Medusa- free swimming, sexual
Polyp- sessile, asexual
How do Medusas move?
They contract their bell, allowing them to move through water jet propulsion
Toxin that causes paralysis
Neurotoxin
Toxin that affects muscle tissue
Myotoxin
Toxin that Causes Red blood cells to burst
Hemolytic toxin
Toxin that causes tissue death
Necrotic toxin
Polyps reproduce asexually through?
Budding
Medusa reproduce sexually through?
Broadcast fertilization, sperm moves into the gastrovascular cavity where the eggs are released
No body cavity; interior space filled with mesodermal tissue
Acoelomate
A body cavity incompletely lined with mesodermal tissues
Pseudocoelem
Body cavity completely lined with mesodermal tissue; mesodermal tissue forms mesentery which holds internal organs in place
Coelom
