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Biochemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A polymer made of many amino acids joined together

A

Polypeptide

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2
Q

A fatty acid which has no double bonds between carbon atoms is called ________

A

Saturated (fatty acid)

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3
Q

A substance that helps break large fat droplets into small fat droplets to help mix with the water. Eg. Soap

A

An Emulsifier

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4
Q

A single stranded nucleic acid

A

RNA

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5
Q

This process breaks bonds between subunits in organic polymers

A

Hydrolysis

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6
Q

The carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants

A

Cellulose

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7
Q

Another name for “fat”

A

Lipid

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8
Q

The storage form of carbohydrate in plants

A

Starch

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9
Q

Acidity is created by an excess of _____ ions in solution

A

Hydrogen

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10
Q

Heavy ________ can alter the 3D shape of a protein

A

Metals

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11
Q

A nucleotide is made up of a _______, a pentose, and a nitrogenous base

A

Phosphate

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12
Q

A PH above 7.0 is considered ________

A

Basic

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13
Q

This element, common in living organisms, can form up to four bonds with other substances

A

Carbon

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14
Q

Forms when two glucose molecules are joined together

A

Maltose

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15
Q

A nucleic acid in a double helix shape

A

DNA

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16
Q

________ bonds are strong

A

Covalent

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17
Q

A six carbon sugar

A

Hexose

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18
Q

The subunit which makes up nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

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19
Q

A five carbon sugar

A

Pentose

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20
Q

This level of protein can either be an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

A

Secondary

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21
Q

A PH below 7.0 is considered _______

A

Acidic

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22
Q

A carbohydrate made up of many subunits

A

Polysaccharide

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23
Q

A fatty acid which contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms is called

A

Unsaturated (fatty acid)

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24
Q

This level of protein structure is the sequence of the amino acids that make up the protein

A

Primary

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25
Q

There are ________ different kinds of amino acids

A

20

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26
Q

Carbohydrates help provide us with _______

A

Energy

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27
Q

A special kind of nucleotide which is used to transmit energy within living organisms

A

ATP

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28
Q

Compounds which are made primarily made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are called ____________

A

Organic Compounds

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29
Q

A PH of 7.0 is considered _________

A

Neutral

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30
Q

A protein’s 3D shape is extremely important in order for it to _______ properly

A

Function

31
Q

A type of lipid that makes up a significant portion of the cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

32
Q

Water is a good solvent because it’s molecules are ________- having a slight positive and negative charge

A

Polar

33
Q

A disaccharide formed when a glucose and fructose molecule join together

A

Sucrose

34
Q

A carbohydrate made up of only one subunit

A

Monosaccharide

35
Q

This process creates bonds between subunits in organic polymers

A

Dehydration synthesis

36
Q

Excessive _______ can cause a protein to lose its 3D shape

A

Heat

37
Q

The term for a protein losing its 3D shape

A

Denaturation

38
Q

The subunit that makes up polypeptides (proteins)

A

Amino Acid(s)

39
Q

A 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is a characteristic of what molecule

A

A Carbohydrate

40
Q

A neutral acid that contained glycerol and only ONE fatty acid chain would be called a _________

A

Monoglyceride

41
Q

A substance which helps hold the PH of a solution relatively constant is called a __________

A

A Buffer

42
Q

The type of carbohydrate used in your cells

A

Glucose

43
Q

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

A

PH

44
Q

A carbohydrate made up of two subunits (or rings)

A

Disaccharide

45
Q

Hydrogen bonds are ________ bonds

A

Weak

46
Q

This level of protein structure occurs when two or more proteins join with each other to form a larger protein structure

A

Quaternary

47
Q

A molecule made up of two amino acids joined together

A

Dipeptide

48
Q

This level of protein occurs when the protein begins to fold in upon itself, creating a 3D shape

A

Tertiary

49
Q

The storage form of carbohydrate in animals

A

Glycogen

50
Q

Type of bond where two or more atoms share electrons

A

Covalent bond

51
Q

Type of bond where there is a transfer of electrons

A

Ionic bond

52
Q

A type of bond between a hydrogen atom and a highly electromagnetic atom

A

Hydrogen bond

53
Q

A molecule that plays a central role in energy storage and transfer processes between cells

A

ATP

54
Q

Saccharides end in _____

A

ose

55
Q

Alcohols end in ______

A

al

56
Q

Carbon and hydrogen make an _______

A

Organic compound

57
Q

A large molecule composed of repeating subunits

A

Polymer

58
Q

Carbohydrates are made of _______

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

59
Q

Proteins are made of _______

A

Amino acids

60
Q

Nucleic acids are made of _______

A

Nucleotides

61
Q

Lipids are made of _________

A

Glycerol and fatty acids. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with higher H than O

62
Q

The storage form of carbohydrate in human cells

A

Glycogen

63
Q

The type of carbohydrate used in human cells

A

Glucose

64
Q

A short chain of amino acids joined together

A

Peptide

65
Q

What is a saccharide

A

A simple sugar

66
Q

This sequence of atoms is characteristic of an amino acid

A

N-C-C

67
Q

Glucose + fructose =

A

Sucrose

68
Q

Hydrogen is ______

A

Acidic

69
Q

OH is _______

A

Alkaline

70
Q

Protein functions

A

Structural: e.g. keratin (hair, nails)
•Enzymes: e.g. salivary amylase
•Hormones: e.g. insulin
•Blood proteins: e.g. hemoglobin
•Movement: e.g. actin & myosin (muscles)
•Antibodies: immunity

71
Q

Lipid functions

A

Long term energy storage in adipose (fat) tissue
•Insulation: subcutaneous and around major organs|

•Structural: cell membranes
•Hormones: cholesterol, sex hormones

72
Q

Carbohydrate functions

A

Energy production in the body (glucose is the energy source for cells)
•Energy storage (starch in plants, glycogen in animals)
•Structural (cellulose builds cell walls in plants)
•Cell membrane markers (receptors)

73
Q

Nucleic acids function

A

Contains genetic code

Biology (8 decks)

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