CNAF Flashcards
(V) Define Actual Instrument Approach
When actual instrument conditions are encountered below 1,000’ above the airport / flight deck elevation during an instrument approach.
(V) Define Actual Instrument Conditions
Conditions external to the aircraft in flight that do not permit visual reference to the horizon.
Explain the difference between aircraft type, class, model, and series.
Type — the broadest classification of aircraft as to physical characteristics (ex. Fixed wing, rotary, tilt)
Class — general mission purpose of an aircraft design (ex. Attack, fighter, patrol, transport)
Model — basic mission symbol and design number (ex. P-8, F/A-18, H-60)
Series — specific version of aircraft within the same model (ex. MH-60R or S, F/A-18D or E/F)
(V) Define Controlling Custodian
The command exercising administrative control of assignment, employment, and logistic support of aircraft.
(V) Define cross-country flight
A flight that either does not remain in the local flying area or remains in the local flying area and terminates at a facility other than an active military facility.
(V) When does helicopter flight time start and end?
For helicopters, a flight begins when the aircraft lifts from a rest point or commences ground taxi and ends after airborne flight when rotors are disengaged or the aircraft has been stationary for 5 minutes with rotors engaged.
(V) Define a hazard
A condition with the potential to cause personal injury or death, property damage, or mission degradation.
(V) When can you log actual instrument time? By whom? Simulated instrument time?
Actual instrument time will be logged by both pilots in a dual/multi piloted aircraft during flight in actual instrument conditions.
Simulated instrument time shall be logged only by the pilot actually manipulating the controls.
Define a landing
A return to the surface; landings include touch and go (providing the landing gear touches the surface), bolter, forced, or crash.
What is considered the local flying area?
Area in vicinity of an air installation in which locally-based aircraft operate during a typical sorties flight time.
The local flying area shall not exceed 350 miles from an air installation and be designated as such in the Air Operations Manual by the CO.
Requirements to meet the multi-piloted aircraft criteria.
- Two sets of flight controls and instruments
- Operated by two pilots who meet NATOPS requirements for that model aircraft
(V) Define night time
The portion of pilot time during darkness between official time of sunset and sunrise regardless of whether IMC or VMC conditions exist.
(V) Define Operational Necessity
A mission associated with war or peacetime operations in which the consequences of an action justify accepting the risk of loss of aircraft and crew.
Define Orientation Flight
A continuous-flight in DOD aircraft performed within the local flying area and terminating at the point of origin intended to further the understanding of particular programs concerning the roles and missions of the DOD.
(V) Define Officer in Tactical Command
The senior officer present eligible to assume command, or the officer to whom he has delegated tactical command.
(V) Define Reporting Custodian
An organizational unit of the lowest echelon of command accepting responsibility for aircraft as designated either by the CNO or by the controlling custodian of the aircraft.
(V) Define a risk
An expression of possible loss in terms of severity and probability.
(V) Define a Simulated Instrument Approach and Simulated Instrument Conditions
Simulated instrument approach — an instrument approach flown under simulated instrument conditions.
Simulated instrument conditions — conditions external to the aircraft in flight are VMC, but pilot vision is limited primarily to the interior of the aircraft.
(V) Define NATOPS and state it’s purpose per CNAF.
The Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures and Standardization program is a positive approach towards improving combat readiness and achieving a substantial reduction in aircraft mishaps.
(V) Military Exigency clause in CNAF
In the tactical environment, military exigency may require on-site deviations from instructions/procedures contained in CNAF. The existing risk of deviation must continually be weighed against the benefits of deviating from this manual. Deviation from specified flight and operating instructions is authorized in emergency situations when, in the judgement of the pilot in command, safety justifies such a deviation.
(V) Emergency and Humanitarian Operations
Naval aircraft operations are authorized in emergencies such as forest fire, search, rescue, major calamities, and for humanitarian reasons involving life-threatening circumstances. Notification of the operation shall be made to the CNO or CMC, as appropriate, and the responsible local commander, but without delaying action when time is an essential factor.
Who can embark civilian law enforcement officials (LEO)? Who approves it?
Embarkation of civilian LEOs is authorized for helicopters, tiltrotor, and non-ejection seat aircraft.
Authority to approve flights for LEO personnel and responsibility for establishing operational procedures is delegated to COMNAVAIRLANT (PAC, CNATRA, CMC etc.). Authority to approve may be delegated to numbered fleet commanders and type commanders.
(V) Non-essential flights. Statement and 4 examples.
(ROHM)
The use of aircraft for nonessential flights shall not be authorized. Any flight open to misinterpretation by the public shall be avoided. Examples of flights that are considered nonessential are as follows:
- Flights of a routine business nature for which commercial or other military transportation could be more economically substituted.
- Flights for any officer or group of officers, the sole purpose of which is the convenience and/or prestige of the officers concerned and not the performance of official duties or accomplishment of bona fide training.
- Repeated flights to the hometown area of flight personnel concerned.
- Flights coinciding with major sports events or civic celebrations.
(V) Who is authorized to taxi a Naval helicopter?
No one shall be permitted to taxi a helicopter except those persons who are authorized to fly helicopters.
(V) Individuals are selected to participate in orientation flights for one of the following purposes:
(ABFM)
- To familiarize them with an aircraft, its operation, capabilities, requirements, concept of employment, or limitations.
- To familiarize them with a base complex from the air for official purposes other than merely sightseeing or goodwill.
- To allow FAA personnel to perform official functions that require their infrequent embarkation on naval aircraft.
- To perform other military duties not assigned to the flight crew.
____________ for helicopter units may authorize personnel to be embarked as passengers onboard their aircraft.
Reporting custodians
(V) Embarkation of Passengers
No person shall be enplaned as a passenger not shall any cargo be embarked on a naval aircraft unless authorization has been granted by competent authority in accordance with applicable directives.
The PIC of naval aircraft (while absent from home unit) may authorize air transportation for personnel and/or equipment not otherwise qualified for Government air transportation when required for the successful prosecution of a SAR, MEDEVAC, or disaster relief mission.
(V) Helicopter Pax Overwater Flights
Helicopter and Tiltrotor passenger overwater flights at night are authorized subject to the following restrictions:
- Ship launches and recoveries shall be made during daylight hours. This constraint may be waived in cases of operational necessity.
- In cases of MEDEVAC, a qualified medical attendant who is current in approved water survival training and has been properly briefed on egress procedures may be transferred at night with approval from the ship’s CO.
- This does not preclude troop movement in support of amphibious exercises, VBSS, or SPECOPS training and operational missions.
(V) What are considered critical phases of flight?
- Takeoff
- Landing
- Formation flight
- FCF
- Degraded aircraft performance regimes
Name the 7 CRM critical behavioral skills.
- Decision Making
- Assertiveness
- Mission Analysis
- Communication
- Leadership
- Adaptability/Flexibility
- Situational Awareness
(V) Flag or General Officer Embarked
The pilot in command of an aircraft with a flag or general officer eligible for command at sea or in the field embarked as a passenger shall be subject to the orders of such flag or general officer in accordance with USN regulations.
When such an embarked passenger exercises authority to command the aircraft, that passenger thereby assumes full responsibility for the safe and orderly conduct of the flight.
The embarked passenger shall give due consideration to the judgement of the PIC regarding items of flight safety such as hazardous weather and aircraft / crew limitations.
Flying rule violations, accident reports, and any other actions arising out of the flight will be referred to the embarked passenger as the responsible commander of the aircraft.
(V) Name the 5-step process of ORM.
(I AM IS)
- Identify hazards
- Assess hazards
- Make risk decisions
- Implement controls
- Supervise
(V) Name the 3 levels of ORM.
- Time-critical: a quick mental review of the five-step process when time does not allow for any more (i.e. in-flight mission change)
- Deliberate: experience and brain storming are used to identify hazards and is best done in groups (i.e. aircraft moves, fly on/off)
- In-depth: more substantial tools are used to thoroughly study the hazards and their associated risk in complex operations
(V) Name the 4 principles of ORM.
(BUMR)
- Accept risk when benefits outweigh the costs.
- Accept no unnecessary risk.
- Anticipate and manage risk by planning.
- Make risk decisions are the right level.
Weather and Pax Requirements for FCF
- Passengers shall not be carried during FCF.
- FCF should be conducted during daylight hours within the local flying area in VMC.
- Unit commanders may authorize FCF under conditions other than the above if in their opinion the flight can be conducted with an acceptable margin of safety.
- Those portions of the flights that are considered critical shall be conducted in the vicinity of a suitable landing area
Define Aerobatic Flight Maneuvers
intentional maneuver involving an abrupt change in aircraft attitude, maneuvers requiring:
- pitch/dive angles > 45deg
- bank angles > 60deg
- accelerations > 2gs
a maneuver that conforms to NATOPS is not considered aerobatic flight