Chapter 12 Flashcards
The following should be performed for all emergencies: (MADCD)
- Maintain aircraft control
- Alert the crew
- Determine the precise nature of the problem
- Complete the applicable emergency procedure or take action appropriate for the problem
- Determine landing criteria and land as required
Land immediately
Execute a landing without delay
Land as soon as possible
Execute a landing at the first site at which a safe landing can be made
Land as soon as practicable
Extended flight is not recommended. The landing site and duration of flight are at the discretion of the PIC.
Circuit breaker handing terms: Check / Pull / Reset / Cycle
Check — visually observe circuit breaker position. Do not change condition
Pull — If circuit breaker is in, pull CB out. If CB is out, do not change condition
Reset — If CB is out, push CB in. If CB is in, do not change condition. Popped CBs may be reset only once.
Cycle - If CB is in, pull CB out and then push CB back in. If CB is out, do not change condition.
ENGINE MALFUNCTION IN FLIGHT
*1. Control Nr
*2. CONTGCY PWR switch — ON
*3. Single-engine conditions — Establish
*4. ENG ANTI-ICE switches — As required
*5. External cargo/stores/fuel — Jettison/dump as required.
*6. Identify malfunction
WARNING: Flying with greater than 110% torque with one engine inoperative may result in unrecoverable decay of Nr in the event of a dual engine failure.
WARNING: With engine anti-ice on, up to 18% torque available is lost. Torque may be reduced as much as 49% with improperly operating engine inlet anti-ice valves.
Engine high-side failure in-flight indications
All of the following conditions exist:
1. TRQ is 10% or greater than the other engine
2. Ng is 5% or greater than the other engine
3. Np is matched within 5% of the other engine
4. Nr is at or above 103%
ENGINE HIGH-SIDE FAILURE IN FLIGHT
*1. EMIF procedure — perform
*2. PCL (malfunctioning engine) — retard to set:
— TRQ 10% below good engine, or
— Matched Ng, or
— Matched TGT
3. Land as soon as practicable
ENGINE HIGH-SIDE FAILURE ON DECK
*1. PCL (malfunctioning engine) — Idle
Engine low-side failure indications
(#1/#2) ENG SPEED LOW will display when all of the following conditions exist:
- TRQ 10% below the good engine
- Ng is 5% or less than the good engine
- Np is at or below 98%
- Nr is at or below 97%
ENG SPEED LOW will display when Np is at or below 96% for greater than 2.0 seconds.
ENGINE LOW-SIDE FAILURE
*1. EMIF — Perform.
2. PCL (malfunctioning engine) — Momentarily advance to LOCKOUT, then retard to set:
- Torque 10% below good engine, or
- Matched Ng, or
- Matched TGT
3. Land as soon as practicable
ENGINE TORQUE or TGT SPIKING / FLUCTUATIONS
If and engine instrument is spiking/fluctuating and inducing secondary indications in Ng, Np, and/or Nr:
*1. EMIF — Perform.
If fuel contamination is suspected:
*2. Land as soon as possible.
SEE PCL FOR NON-CMI
WARNING: PCL movement during engine fluctuations may precipitate an engine failure.
COMPRESSOR STALL
*1. EMIF — Perform.
*2. PCL (malfunctioning engine) — IDLE.
SEE PCL FOR NON-CMI
If the Ng decay relight feature attempts to relight the engine, subsequent compressor stalls may occur. A yaw kick may be experienced each time the engine relights.
ENGINE HIGH-SPEED SHAFT FAILURE
[(#1/#2) DRVSHAFT FAIL]
*1. EMIF — Perform.
*2. PCL (malfunctioning engine) — OFF.
SEE PCL FOR NON-CMI
Np > Nr by more than 3% and engine torque is < 10%
Following a high-speed shaft failure, the engine will overspeed, the Np overspeed will flame out the engine and the auto-ignition system will activate the relight feature. Np governor will eventually bring Np down toward 100%
Abort engine start if any of the following limits are exceeded:
- Ng does not reach 14% within 6 seconds after starter initiation
- No oil px within 30 seconds after starter initiation
- No light-off within 30 seconds after moving PCL to IDLE
- ENG STARTER advisory disappears before reaching 52% Ng
- TGT is likely to exceed 851C before idle speed is attained
ABORT START
To abort start:
*1. PCL — OFF
*2. ENGINE IGNITION switch — OFF
If engine oil pressure is indicated:
*3. Starter — Engage.
SEE PCL FOR NON-CMI
ENGINE MALFUNCTION DURING HOVER / TAKEOFF
*1. Control Nr.
*2. CONTGCY PWR switch — ON
If a suitable landing site exists or unable to transition to forward flight:
*3. Set level attitude, eliminate drift, cushion landing
If able to transition to forward flight:
*4. EMIF — Perform.
DUAL ENGINE FAILURE
*1. Autorotation — Establish.
*2. Immediate Landing / Ditching emergency procedure — Perform.
If time and altitude permit:
*3. Engine Air Restart emergency procedure — Perform.
SINGLE-ENGINE FAILURE IN FLIGHT
*1. EMIF — Perform.
SEE PCL FOR NON-CMI
(#1/#2) ENG OUT activated by the vertical instrument when Ng decreases below 55%.
ENGINE AIR RESTART
*1. APU Emergency Start procedure — Perform.
*2. ENGINE IGNITION switch — NORM.
*3. Fuel selector levers — DIR or XFD.
*4. PCL — OFF.
*5. Starter — Engage, motor engine.
*6. PCL — IDLE (TGT 80C or less, if time permits)
*7. PCL — Advance to FLY after starter dropout.
WARNING: If APU is unavailable, and a cross bleed start is necessary, maximum torque available will be reduced during start sequence. Depending on operating conditions, level flight may not be possible.
CAUTION: Receiving engine Ng less than 24% prior to advancing PCL to IDLE may result in a hot start.
APU EMERGENCY START
*1. ECS — OFF.
*2. AIR SOURCE ECS/START switch — APU.
*3. FUEL PUMP switch — APU BOOST.
*4. APU CTRL switch — ON.
*5. APU GENERATOR — ON.
GROUND RESONANCE
If a safe takeoff is possible:
*1. Takeoff immediately.
If a safe takeoff is NOT possible:
*2. PCLs — OFF
*3. Rotor brake — Apply
See PCL for non-CMIs
WARNING: Ground resonance can occur rapidly (within 3 seconds), and produce violent lateral, vertical, and circular vibrations resulting in difficulty reaching PCLs, pilot-induced oscillations and possible dynamic rollover.
CAUTION: If ground resonance is encountered and an immediate takeoff is not possible, priority shall be given to immediate reduction of main rotor speed.
HUNG DROOP STOPS
*1. Reengage rotor to greater than 75% Nr.
SEE PCL for NON-CMI
While operating in cold weather, turning the BLADE DEICE POWER switch to ON activates the droop-stop heaters which will aid the droop stops in seating.
LOW ROTOR RPM WARNING
*1. Control Nr.
Warning light is activated by the vertical instrument when Nr is less than 96%.
WARNING: Possible indications of main transmission imminent failure may include…
- Yaw attitude excursions with no control input
- An increase in power required for a fixed collective setting
- Failure of a main generator or hydraulic pump
- Increased noise
- Increased vibration levels
- Abnormal fumes in the cabin
Main transmission malfunction CAUTIONS / ADVISORIES
MAIN XMSN OIL HOT caution — 117C, oil temp sensor activated
MAIN XMSN OIL HOT advisory — >105C on vertical instrument
MAIN XMSN PRESS HI caution — >130psi on vertical instrument
MAIN XMSN PRESS HI advisory — oil px between 65-130psi on vertical instruments
MAIN XMSN PRESS LOW caution — 14psi, oil px low sensor activated
MAIN XMSN PRESS LOW advisory — < 30psi on vertical instruments, Nr > 25%
(#1/#2) ACCESSORY CHIP
MAIN XMSN CHIP
MAIN TRANSMISSION MALFUNCTION
If failure is imminent:
*1. Land immediately.
If secondary indications are present:
*2. Land as soon as possible.
SEE PCL for NON-CMI
WARNING: Operation of the main gearbox with no oil pressure may result in loss of tail rotor drive.
TAIL / INTERMEDIATE TRANSMISSION MALFUNCTION
If failure is imminent:
*1. Land immediately.
If failure is not imminent:
*2. Land as soon as possible.
SEE PCL for NON-CMI
WARNING: High power settings require maximum performance of the tail rotor drive system and may precipitate ultimate drive failure.
WARNING: Possible indications of tail rotor imminent failure may include…
Tail / intermediate transmission cautions accompanied by strong medium-frequency vibrations and or hot metal fumes or any other associated indications.
Tail / Intermediate Transmission Malfunction CAUTIONS
[INT XMSN CHIP]
[TAIL XMSN CHIP]
[INT XMSN OIL HOT]
[TAIL XMSN OIL HOT]
(#1/#2) INPUT CHIP CAUTION
*1. Main Transmission Malfunction emergency procedure — Perform.
SEE PCL for NON-CMI
LOSS OF TAIL ROTOR DRIVE ALTITUDE AND AIRSPEED SUFFICIENT TO ESTABLISH AUTOROTATION
*1. PAC call — “AUTO, AUTO, AUTO”
*2. Autorotation — Establish. Center tail rotor pedals.
*3. Drive failure — Attempt to verify.
*4. Immediate Landing/Ditching emergency procedure — Perform.
*5. PCLs — OFF when directed (prior to the flare).
LOSS OF TAIL ROTOR DRIVE ALTITUDE AND AIRSPEED NOT SUFFICIENT TO ESTABLISH AUTOROTATION
*1. PAC call — “HOVER, HOVER, HOVER”
*2. Collective — Lower.
*3. PNAC — Hands on the PCLs.
*4. PCLs — OFF when directed (approx. 20-30 ft.)
TAIL ROTOR QUADRANT CAUTION
*1. Check for tail rotor control.
If tail rotor control is not available:
*2. Loss of Tail Rotor Control Emergency procedure — Perform.
SEE PCL for NON-CMI