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CNA > CNA Chapter 6 > Flashcards

CNA Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease.

A

Bloodborne pathogens

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2
Q

federal law requiring that healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards.

A

Bloodborne pathogen standard

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3
Q

an abbreviation for Clostridium difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile); a bacterium that is spread by spores in feces that are difficult to kill; it causes symptoms such as diarrhea and nausea and can lead to serious inflammation of the colon (colitis).

A

c-diff

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4
Q

to remove

A

doff

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5
Q

to put on

A

don

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6
Q

washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs.

A

Hand hygiene

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7
Q

an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care.

A

HAI

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8
Q

to keep something separate, or by itself.

A

isolate

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9
Q

an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms.

A

localized infection

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10
Q

an abbreviation for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus; bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) that have developed resistance to the antibiotic methicillin.

A

MRSA

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11
Q

the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals.

A

mucous membranes

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12
Q

microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease.

A

pathogens

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13
Q

equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards.

A

PPE

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14
Q

a method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease.

A

standard precautions

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15
Q

an infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causing general symptoms.

A

systemic infections

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16
Q

the way and means by which disease is spread.

A

transmission

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17
Q

List 5 signs and symptoms of a localized infection.

A

red,swollen,drainage,warm,pain

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18
Q

List 6 signs and symptoms of a systemic infection.

A

fever, chills, headache, change in vital signs, nausea

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19
Q

pathogenic microorganism that causes disease; includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites

A

Causative agent:

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20
Q

where the pathogen lives and multiplies; can be a human, an animal, a plant, soil, or a substance; blood and lungs are examples

A

reservoir

21
Q

any opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave; examples include nose, mouth, eyes, or a cut in the skin

A

portal of exit

22
Q

how the pathogen travels; examples are contact, droplet, and airborne; hands primary route in healthcare workers

A

mode of transmission

23
Q

pathogens enter the human host; any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter; examples include nose, mouth, eyes, and other mucous membranes, cuts in the skin, cracked skin

A

portal of entry

24
Q

uninfected person who could become ill; resistance to disease decreases (age, existing illnesses, fatigue, poor nutrition, lack of adequate fluid intake, certain medications, stress)

A

Susceptible host

25
Q

occurs through contact with the person’s blood or body fluids (tears, saliva, sputum, urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, pus, wound drainage, vomit) that are contaminated by the pathogen

A

Contact transmission

26
Q

occurs when the pathogen travels short distances after being expelled; usually do not travel more than 6 feet; spread through coughing, sneezing, talking, laughing, suctioning, singing, spitting

A

droplet transmission

27
Q

pathogen transmitted through the air after being expelled and carried on air currents or dust; susceptible host inhales contaminated moisture or dust

A

airborne transmission

28
Q

What is not considered a bodily fluid?

A

Sweat

29
Q

On whom should Standard Precautions be practiced?

A

everyone

30
Q

What is the most important thing NAs can do to prevent the spread of disease?

A

wash their hands

31
Q

True or false: NAs must always wash their hands before and after giving resident care.

A

true

32
Q

When should gloves be worn?

A

When there may be contact with blood, body fluids, open wounds, or mucous membranes

33
Q

What should you do if your mask becomes wet or soiled?

A

must be changed

34
Q

Identify what type of Transmission-Based Precautions should be used.
a resident with tuberculosis

A

Airborne

35
Q

Identify what type of Transmission-Based Precautions should be used.
a resident with influenza

A

Droplet

36
Q

Identify what type of Transmission-Based Precautions should be used.
a resident with conjunctivitis or Clostridium difficile (C. diff)

A

Contact

37
Q

what is the purpose of isolation

A

to keep the pathogens in a certain area

38
Q

How are bloodborne diseases transmitted?

A

Sharing needles, sexual contact, blood, infected pregnant women.

39
Q

True or false: Having sexual contact with someone carrying a bloodborne disease can also transmit the disease.

A

True

40
Q

Are you allowed to eat and drink in care settings?

A

no

41
Q

employers must offer a free hepatitis vaccine to all employees and?

A

must offer HIV or Hepatitis testing

42
Q

What is the difference between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? LO 14

A

AIDS is caused by HIV

43
Q

What does HIV do to the immune system?

A

Makes it so the body cannot fight infection

44
Q

What are 4 ways HIV is transmitted?

A

Blood, infected needles, mother to fetus, sexual contact

45
Q

what are the 3 types of hepatitis that are transmitted by blood

A

B,C, and D

46
Q

What is one of the best ways to prevent the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)?

A

Wash your hands

47
Q

When normal intestinal flora is altered, _____ (spore-forming bacteria) can flourish in the intestinal tract and cause infection with watery diarrhea.

A

c diff

48
Q

True or false: Alcohol based sanitizers are not considered effective on C. difficile. Soap and water must be used each time hand hygiene is performed.

A

true

CNA (6 decks)

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