CNA Chapter 6 Flashcards
microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease.
Bloodborne pathogens
federal law requiring that healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards.
Bloodborne pathogen standard
an abbreviation for Clostridium difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile); a bacterium that is spread by spores in feces that are difficult to kill; it causes symptoms such as diarrhea and nausea and can lead to serious inflammation of the colon (colitis).
c-diff
to remove
doff
to put on
don
washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs.
Hand hygiene
an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care.
HAI
to keep something separate, or by itself.
isolate
an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms.
localized infection
an abbreviation for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus; bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) that have developed resistance to the antibiotic methicillin.
MRSA
the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals.
mucous membranes
microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease.
pathogens
equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards.
PPE
a method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease.
standard precautions
an infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causing general symptoms.
systemic infections
the way and means by which disease is spread.
transmission
List 5 signs and symptoms of a localized infection.
red,swollen,drainage,warm,pain
List 6 signs and symptoms of a systemic infection.
fever, chills, headache, change in vital signs, nausea
pathogenic microorganism that causes disease; includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
Causative agent:
where the pathogen lives and multiplies; can be a human, an animal, a plant, soil, or a substance; blood and lungs are examples
reservoir
any opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave; examples include nose, mouth, eyes, or a cut in the skin
portal of exit
how the pathogen travels; examples are contact, droplet, and airborne; hands primary route in healthcare workers
mode of transmission
pathogens enter the human host; any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter; examples include nose, mouth, eyes, and other mucous membranes, cuts in the skin, cracked skin
portal of entry
uninfected person who could become ill; resistance to disease decreases (age, existing illnesses, fatigue, poor nutrition, lack of adequate fluid intake, certain medications, stress)
Susceptible host
occurs through contact with the person’s blood or body fluids (tears, saliva, sputum, urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, pus, wound drainage, vomit) that are contaminated by the pathogen
Contact transmission
occurs when the pathogen travels short distances after being expelled; usually do not travel more than 6 feet; spread through coughing, sneezing, talking, laughing, suctioning, singing, spitting
droplet transmission
pathogen transmitted through the air after being expelled and carried on air currents or dust; susceptible host inhales contaminated moisture or dust
airborne transmission
What is not considered a bodily fluid?
Sweat
On whom should Standard Precautions be practiced?
everyone
What is the most important thing NAs can do to prevent the spread of disease?
wash their hands
True or false: NAs must always wash their hands before and after giving resident care.
true
When should gloves be worn?
When there may be contact with blood, body fluids, open wounds, or mucous membranes
What should you do if your mask becomes wet or soiled?
must be changed
Identify what type of Transmission-Based Precautions should be used.
a resident with tuberculosis
Airborne
Identify what type of Transmission-Based Precautions should be used.
a resident with influenza
Droplet
Identify what type of Transmission-Based Precautions should be used.
a resident with conjunctivitis or Clostridium difficile (C. diff)
Contact
what is the purpose of isolation
to keep the pathogens in a certain area
How are bloodborne diseases transmitted?
Sharing needles, sexual contact, blood, infected pregnant women.
True or false: Having sexual contact with someone carrying a bloodborne disease can also transmit the disease.
True
Are you allowed to eat and drink in care settings?
no
employers must offer a free hepatitis vaccine to all employees and?
must offer HIV or Hepatitis testing
What is the difference between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? LO 14
AIDS is caused by HIV
What does HIV do to the immune system?
Makes it so the body cannot fight infection
What are 4 ways HIV is transmitted?
Blood, infected needles, mother to fetus, sexual contact
what are the 3 types of hepatitis that are transmitted by blood
B,C, and D
What is one of the best ways to prevent the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)?
Wash your hands
When normal intestinal flora is altered, _____ (spore-forming bacteria) can flourish in the intestinal tract and cause infection with watery diarrhea.
c diff
True or false: Alcohol based sanitizers are not considered effective on C. difficile. Soap and water must be used each time hand hygiene is performed.
true
