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Neuro Exam 3 > CN VIII-Vestibulocochlear > Flashcards

CN VIII-Vestibulocochlear Flashcards

1
Q

Types of nerves and number of each

A

3 motor types and 4 sensory types

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2
Q

What are the types of motor nerves

A

3 types..
General somatic efferents –> to skeletal m (CN3,4,6,12)
Special Visceral efferents –> develop from pharyngeal arches, are located laterally and are carried by CN5,7,9,10,11
General Visceral Efferents –> pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons, includes 3,9,7, and 10

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3
Q

General somatic efferents

A

motor nerves to skeletal m.; include Cn3,4,6,12-think eye and tongue

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4
Q

CN 3, 4, 6, and 12 are what types of nerves

A

General somatic efferents; carried to skeletal m.-think tongue and eye

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5
Q

Special Visceral Efferents

A

Motor nerves which are developed from the pharyngeal arches, sit laterally; include CN 5,7,9,10,11

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6
Q

CN 5,7,9,10,11

A

Special visceral efferents-motor neurons; developed from pharyngeal/bracheal arches; sit laterally

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7
Q

General Visceral Efferents

A

Motor neurons-pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons including 3,9,7,10

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8
Q

CN 3, 9, 7, 10

A

General Visceral Efferents; motor neurons- pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers

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9
Q

Special somatic afferent

A

vision, hearing, and vestibulation-CNVII

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10
Q

Vision, hearing, and vestibulation are controlled by

A

Special somatic afferents-CNVII

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11
Q

Special visceral afferents

A

Senses with chemical senses- Smell-CNII- and taste-CN 7,9,10

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12
Q

Senses with chemicals are controlled by

A

Special Visceral Afferents-Smell-CNII- and taste CN 7,9,10

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13
Q

General somatic afferent

A

Found on skin from ear, face, tongue

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14
Q

Found on skin from ear, face, tongue

A

General somatic afferent

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15
Q

General visceral afferent

A

Chemosensory and baroreceptor carried by CN 9 and 10

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16
Q

Chemosensory and baroreceptor carried by

A

General visceral afferents-CN 9 and 10

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17
Q

External ear includes

A

includes auricle, ext. auditory meatus, and tympanic membrane which separates ext ear from middle ear

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18
Q

The important plunger of the middle ear

A

Footplate of the stapes; it plunges into the cochlea through the oval window and creates a fluid motion that is translated to the top and back down, reversing through the 2/3 of the cochlear chamber and is translated as a bulge in the round window

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19
Q

if the round window of the middle ear were rigid

A

The footplate plunger would not be able to enter the cochlea creating a fluid motion which would interrupt hearing

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20
Q

What the footplate of the stapes plunges through to get to the ______

A

Round window to the cochlea

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21
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Called the auditory tube; a channel from the middle ear to the nasopharynx; P here builds up, chewing gum/yawning can open up flow

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22
Q

Auditory tube

A

AKA eustachian tube-a channel from the middle ear to the nasopharynx; can build up P here, chew gum or yawn to open up flow

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23
Q

Tensor Tympani

A

muscles that clamp down on ossicles or tympanic membrane protecting us from loud noises; constrict the ossicle movement thus interrupting the signal transduction

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24
Q

muscles that clamp down on ossicles or tympanic membrane protecting us from loud noises and restricting movement of ossicles thus interrupting signal transduction

A

tensor tympani and stapedius

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25
Q

Stapedius

A

Same as tensor tympani; muscles that clamp down on ossicles or the tympanic membrane; protecting us from loud noises; prevent movement of the ossicles thus interrupting signal transduction

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26
Q

Middle ear components

A

Tympanic cavity, ossicles, eustachian tube, tensor tympani, and stapedius

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27
Q

Inner Ear components

A

Cochlea with the round window

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28
Q

Round window

A

bulges in response to fluid movement caused by stapes

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29
Q

Bulges in response to fluid movement created by the stapes

A

round window

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30
Q

cochlea is divided into 3 channels known as

A

Scala media, scala vestibule, scala tympani

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31
Q

Scala media

A

one of the three channels of the cochlea; cochlear duct and endolymph; sits on in between scala vestibule and scala tympani

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32
Q

Scala vestibule

A

perilymph; sits above in the cochlea

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33
Q

Scala tympani

A

perilymph; sits inf. in the cochea

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34
Q

Cochlea sits where

A

deep in the petrous pyramid of the temporal bone-one of the hardest bones in the body

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35
Q

petrous pyramid and hearing

A

where the cochlea sits-one of the hardest bones in the body

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36
Q

nerve transmitted through the internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VIII

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37
Q

snail looking structure with an apex

A

cochlea

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38
Q

Scala vestibule and scala tympani are filled with fluid called ____ and scala media is filled with _____

A

Perilymph and endolymph

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39
Q

separates the scala media from scala tympani

A

basilar membrane

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40
Q

sits on the basilar membrane

A

the organ of corti

41
Q

basilar membrane

A

separates scala media from scala tympani of the cochlea

42
Q

Organ of corti

A

sits on top of the basilar membrane, contains specialized receptor cells called hair cells that contract tectorial membrane resulting in a shearing force over the top of the hair cells

43
Q

hair cells

A

contained in the organ of corti, contract the tectorial membrane resulting in the shear force of the hair cells

44
Q

hair cells connect to what at their bases

A

Peripheral processes of spiral ganglia

45
Q

Peripheral processes of spiral ganglia

A

carry the electrical potential of hair cells in the cochlea where it is converted into an action potential by the spiral ganglia

46
Q

where the electrical signal from hair cells are converted to AP

A

spiral ganglia

47
Q

Auditory nerve comes from

A

central processes of the spiral ganglion which becomes 1/2 of CN VIII

48
Q

Central process of the spiral ganglion becomes

A

Auditory nerve which makes up half of CN VIII

49
Q

bone that osseous cochlea is coiled around

A

modiolus

50
Q

high pitches go where in the cochlea

A

near the footplate of the stapes, the more proximal part

51
Q

low pitches/frequencies go where in the cochlea

A

the more distal part, the highest part of the cochlea

52
Q

sound comes into the ear and does what…. (all the way to AP)

A

rattles the tympanic membrane which causes pivoting motion of the ossicles which will cause the footplate of the stapes to plunge into the cochlea through the oval window creating a fluid motion wave that goes all the way up and comes back down; lateral force at the same time induces a shearing between the tectorial membrane and hair cells in the organ of corti which connect to the spiral ganglia and then APs are sent into the nervous system

53
Q

Sound comes in and _______ which causes pivoting motion of the ____ which cause plunging of the ______ which will cause a fluid motion wave that goes up and comes back down. Lateral force on the ______ at the same time induces a shearing between the _______ and _____ in the organ of ____ which connect to the ______ which will convert electrical potential of hair cells to AP that is sent into the nervous system via ___ nerve

A 
rattles the tympanic membrane
Ossicles
Footplate of the stapes
Scala media
tectorial membrane and hair cells
organ of corti
to spiral ganglia
cochlear nerve
54
Q

from organ of corti to the brain

A

the axons or central processes of the spiral ganglion form the cochlear nerve which passes through the internal auditory canal with the vestibular and facial nerves and enters the brainstem at the junction of the pons, medulla,
and cerebellum-pontocerebellar angle

55
Q

Axons or central processes of the spiral ganglion form what nerve (s)

A

Cochlear nerve (auditory nerve to which forms 1/2 of CN VIII)

56
Q

Cochlear nerve

A

Formed by axons or central processes of the spiral ganglion and runs through the internal auditory canal and joins the brainstem at the pontocerebellar angle (junction of pons, medulla, and cerebellum; it then divides into two branches that innervate one of the two cochlear nuclei (ventral or dorsal cochler nuclei) at the ventrolateral side of the inf cerebellar peduncle

57
Q

pontocerebellar angle

A

where the pons, medulla, and cerebellum join at the brainstem

58
Q

cochlear nerve splits at the ____ and goes to ______ in the ______

A

splits at the pontocerebellar angle (junction of pons, cerebellum, and medulla in the brainstem) where it then goes to one of two cochlear nuclei ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei) which sit in the ventrolateral part of the inferior cerebellar peduncle

59
Q

where cochlear nuclei are found and names

A

ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei- at the ventrolateral side of the inf. cerebellar peduncle

60
Q

From the cochlear nuclei the axons –>

A

ascend on the ipsilateral side OR cross-over to the other side and become the lateral lemiscus –> inf. colliculi and project to medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus –> superior temporal gyrus which is the primary auditory center

61
Q

primary auditory center

A

sup. temporal gyrus

62
Q

The cochlear nuclei axons cross over or stay on the same side and go to the ______ which goes to _____ and projects to _______ which finally ends at the ____ ; the primary auditory center

A

lateral lemniscus
inf colliculi
medial geniculate nucleus
sup temporal gyrus

63
Q

Where audition is ultimately percieved

A

in the superior TEMPORAL GYRUS

64
Q

loss of ability to localize sound

A

can happen with a lesion to the brainstem in the lateral lemniscus

65
Q

Lesion in the brainstem at the lateral lemniscus causes what and not what

A

No deafness uni or bilaterally, also no reduced volume, just a loss in the ability to localize sound

66
Q

unilateral deafness

A

a result of a lesion in cochlear nerve and or cochlear nuclei

67
Q

auditory efferents

A

two muscles in the middle ear that have protective function against loud noises- the tensor tympani and stapedius

68
Q

protective muscles in the middle ear that have protective functions against loud noises

A

auditory efferents-tensor tympani and stapedius

69
Q

has a tendon that attaches to the malleus and keeps the bones still

A

tensor tympani-protective auditory efferent bone

70
Q

tensor tympani

A

one of two auditory efferents; has a tendon that attaches to the maleus and restricts bone movement to reduce loud noise

71
Q

Stapedius VIII

A

One of the two auditory efferents; Connects to the footplate of the stapes, contracts to prevent the plunging of the footplate into the cochlea to prevent the movement of fluid in the cochlea that prevents movement of organ of corti and electrical signal production of the hair fibers; clamps down to protect from loud noises

72
Q

This clamps down on the footplate of the stapes to prevent plunging

A

Stapedius VII; one of the two auditory efferents

73
Q

nerves that carry stimuli to the auditory afferents

A

Tensor tympani=trigeminal

Stapedius = seven

74
Q

Why we do not like our own voices

A

B/c when we talk we actually hear two stimuli- one normal one and then also one from the larynx vibrating which will vibrate the ossicles a bit

75
Q

function of vestibular system

A

functions to facilitate balance and coordination of head and body movements and the fixation of vision while the head is moving

76
Q

functions to facilitate balance and coordination of head and body movements, as well as the fixation of vision while the head is moving

A

vestibular system

77
Q

bony labrynth

A

cavity with petrous portion of temporal bone

78
Q

membranous labrynth

A

contains a special epithelium that serves as a transduction apparatus for vestibulation

79
Q

three sets of semicircular canals; at the base is

A

crysta ampullaris which contains the specialized epithelial cells which work in concert- horizontal ones work as a a pair as do ant. and post. ones on opposite sides-Works to detect ANGULAR ACCELERATION

80
Q

Works to detect angular acceleration

A

the three sets of semicircular canals at the base of which is the crysta ampullaris with specialized epithelial cells-ampullae

81
Q

Crysta ampullaris

A

Found at the base of the semicircular canals; have specialized epithelial cells -Hair cells- which are in contact with Scarpa’s ganglion

82
Q

Scarpa’s ganglion

A

connected to hair cells of crysta ampullaris-send axons out that form the ampullary nerve which is part of the vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve

83
Q

The vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve is formed by 3 axon branches; they are? and they come from?

A

Ampullar nerve which comes from scarpa’s ganglion (next to crysta ampullaris) and utricular and saccular nerves which come from the utricle and the saccule

84
Q

Difference between the ampullar nerve, the utricular nerve, and the saccular nerve?

A

Where they come from for starters: ampullar nerve is from scarpa’s ganglion, other are utricle and saccule; also….

Aso the saccule is for vertical direction (elevator)
Utricle- horizontal direction (car accelearating)

All are for linear acceleration except ampullar (angular)

85
Q

function in mediating linear acceleration

A

Saccule-vertical
Utricle-horizontal

Ampullar nerve is angular acceleration

86
Q

mediates vertical acceleration (elevator)

A

the saccular nerve

87
Q

mediates horizontal acceleration (car acclerating)

A

utricle

88
Q

form the vestibular half of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

the ampullar n. from scarpa’s, utricle, and saccule

89
Q

The vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear n. targets what…? where are they?

A

targets 4 sets of nuclei found in the brainstem at the junction of the pons and medulla

90
Q

Ampullae

A

detect angular acceleration, widened portions containing hair cells

91
Q

cupula

A

gelatinous mass from ampullary crest to the roof of ampulla

92
Q

otolith organs

A

the utricle and saccule

93
Q

lateral nucleus of the vestibular nuclei

A

for keeping upright posture

94
Q

for keeping upright posture

A

lateral nucleus of vestibular nuclei

95
Q

medial and sup nuclei of vestibular nuclei

A

function in head and eye movements; input from semicircular canals

96
Q

vestibular nuclei involved in head and eye movements

A

input from semicircular canals- sup and middle nuclei

97
Q

inf nuclei of vestibular nuclei

A

input from semicircular canals and otolith; contribute to both vestibulospinal tracts

98
Q

vertigo

A

infection in the ear that puts pressure on the vestibular nerve

99
Q

two main things that contribute to balance (think simple)

A

Vestibulation and proprioception

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