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Neuro Exam 3 > CN VIII-Vestibulocochlear > Flashcards

CN VIII-Vestibulocochlear Flashcards

1
Q

Types of nerves and number of each

A

3 motor types and 4 sensory types

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2
Q

What are the types of motor nerves

A

3 types..
General somatic efferents –> to skeletal m (CN3,4,6,12)
Special Visceral efferents –> develop from pharyngeal arches, are located laterally and are carried by CN5,7,9,10,11
General Visceral Efferents –> pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons, includes 3,9,7, and 10

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3
Q

General somatic efferents

A

motor nerves to skeletal m.; include Cn3,4,6,12-think eye and tongue

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4
Q

CN 3, 4, 6, and 12 are what types of nerves

A

General somatic efferents; carried to skeletal m.-think tongue and eye

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5
Q

Special Visceral Efferents

A

Motor nerves which are developed from the pharyngeal arches, sit laterally; include CN 5,7,9,10,11

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6
Q

CN 5,7,9,10,11

A

Special visceral efferents-motor neurons; developed from pharyngeal/bracheal arches; sit laterally

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7
Q

General Visceral Efferents

A

Motor neurons-pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons including 3,9,7,10

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8
Q

CN 3, 9, 7, 10

A

General Visceral Efferents; motor neurons- pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers

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9
Q

Special somatic afferent

A

vision, hearing, and vestibulation-CNVII

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10
Q

Vision, hearing, and vestibulation are controlled by

A

Special somatic afferents-CNVII

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11
Q

Special visceral afferents

A

Senses with chemical senses- Smell-CNII- and taste-CN 7,9,10

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12
Q

Senses with chemicals are controlled by

A

Special Visceral Afferents-Smell-CNII- and taste CN 7,9,10

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13
Q

General somatic afferent

A

Found on skin from ear, face, tongue

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14
Q

Found on skin from ear, face, tongue

A

General somatic afferent

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15
Q

General visceral afferent

A

Chemosensory and baroreceptor carried by CN 9 and 10

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16
Q

Chemosensory and baroreceptor carried by

A

General visceral afferents-CN 9 and 10

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17
Q

External ear includes

A

includes auricle, ext. auditory meatus, and tympanic membrane which separates ext ear from middle ear

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18
Q

The important plunger of the middle ear

A

Footplate of the stapes; it plunges into the cochlea through the oval window and creates a fluid motion that is translated to the top and back down, reversing through the 2/3 of the cochlear chamber and is translated as a bulge in the round window

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19
Q

if the round window of the middle ear were rigid

A

The footplate plunger would not be able to enter the cochlea creating a fluid motion which would interrupt hearing

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20
Q

What the footplate of the stapes plunges through to get to the ______

A

Round window to the cochlea

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21
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Called the auditory tube; a channel from the middle ear to the nasopharynx; P here builds up, chewing gum/yawning can open up flow

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22
Q

Auditory tube

A

AKA eustachian tube-a channel from the middle ear to the nasopharynx; can build up P here, chew gum or yawn to open up flow

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23
Q

Tensor Tympani

A

muscles that clamp down on ossicles or tympanic membrane protecting us from loud noises; constrict the ossicle movement thus interrupting the signal transduction

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24
Q

muscles that clamp down on ossicles or tympanic membrane protecting us from loud noises and restricting movement of ossicles thus interrupting signal transduction

A

tensor tympani and stapedius

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25
Stapedius
Same as tensor tympani; muscles that clamp down on ossicles or the tympanic membrane; protecting us from loud noises; prevent movement of the ossicles thus interrupting signal transduction
26
Middle ear components
Tympanic cavity, ossicles, eustachian tube, tensor tympani, and stapedius
27
Inner Ear components
Cochlea with the round window
28
Round window
bulges in response to fluid movement caused by stapes
29
Bulges in response to fluid movement created by the stapes
round window
30
cochlea is divided into 3 channels known as
Scala media, scala vestibule, scala tympani
31
Scala media
one of the three channels of the cochlea; cochlear duct and endolymph; sits on in between scala vestibule and scala tympani
32
Scala vestibule
perilymph; sits above in the cochlea
33
Scala tympani
perilymph; sits inf. in the cochea
34
Cochlea sits where
deep in the petrous pyramid of the temporal bone-one of the hardest bones in the body
35
petrous pyramid and hearing
where the cochlea sits-one of the hardest bones in the body
36
nerve transmitted through the internal acoustic meatus
CN VIII
37
snail looking structure with an apex
cochlea
38
Scala vestibule and scala tympani are filled with fluid called ____ and scala media is filled with _____
Perilymph and endolymph
39
separates the scala media from scala tympani
basilar membrane
40
sits on the basilar membrane
the organ of corti
41
basilar membrane
separates scala media from scala tympani of the cochlea
42
Organ of corti
sits on top of the basilar membrane, contains specialized receptor cells called hair cells that contract tectorial membrane resulting in a shearing force over the top of the hair cells
43
hair cells
contained in the organ of corti, contract the tectorial membrane resulting in the shear force of the hair cells
44
hair cells connect to what at their bases
Peripheral processes of spiral ganglia
45
Peripheral processes of spiral ganglia
carry the electrical potential of hair cells in the cochlea where it is converted into an action potential by the spiral ganglia
46
where the electrical signal from hair cells are converted to AP
spiral ganglia
47
Auditory nerve comes from
central processes of the spiral ganglion which becomes 1/2 of CN VIII
48
Central process of the spiral ganglion becomes
Auditory nerve which makes up half of CN VIII
49
bone that osseous cochlea is coiled around
modiolus
50
high pitches go where in the cochlea
near the footplate of the stapes, the more proximal part
51
low pitches/frequencies go where in the cochlea
the more distal part, the highest part of the cochlea
52
sound comes into the ear and does what.... (all the way to AP)
rattles the tympanic membrane which causes pivoting motion of the ossicles which will cause the footplate of the stapes to plunge into the cochlea through the oval window creating a fluid motion wave that goes all the way up and comes back down; lateral force at the same time induces a shearing between the tectorial membrane and hair cells in the organ of corti which connect to the spiral ganglia and then APs are sent into the nervous system
53
Sound comes in and _______ which causes pivoting motion of the ____ which cause plunging of the ______ which will cause a fluid motion wave that goes up and comes back down. Lateral force on the ______ at the same time induces a shearing between the _______ and _____ in the organ of ____ which connect to the ______ which will convert electrical potential of hair cells to AP that is sent into the nervous system via ___ nerve
``` rattles the tympanic membrane Ossicles Footplate of the stapes Scala media tectorial membrane and hair cells organ of corti to spiral ganglia cochlear nerve ```
54
from organ of corti to the brain
the axons or central processes of the spiral ganglion form the cochlear nerve which passes through the internal auditory canal with the vestibular and facial nerves and enters the brainstem at the junction of the pons, medulla, and cerebellum-pontocerebellar angle
55
Axons or central processes of the spiral ganglion form what nerve (s)
Cochlear nerve (auditory nerve to which forms 1/2 of CN VIII)
56
Cochlear nerve
Formed by axons or central processes of the spiral ganglion and runs through the internal auditory canal and joins the brainstem at the pontocerebellar angle (junction of pons, medulla, and cerebellum; it then divides into two branches that innervate one of the two cochlear nuclei (ventral or dorsal cochler nuclei) at the ventrolateral side of the inf cerebellar peduncle
57
pontocerebellar angle
where the pons, medulla, and cerebellum join at the brainstem
58
cochlear nerve splits at the ____ and goes to ______ in the ______
splits at the pontocerebellar angle (junction of pons, cerebellum, and medulla in the brainstem) where it then goes to one of two cochlear nuclei ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei) which sit in the ventrolateral part of the inferior cerebellar peduncle
59
where cochlear nuclei are found and names
ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei- at the ventrolateral side of the inf. cerebellar peduncle
60
From the cochlear nuclei the axons -->
ascend on the ipsilateral side OR cross-over to the other side and become the lateral lemiscus --> inf. colliculi and project to medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus --> superior temporal gyrus which is the primary auditory center
61
primary auditory center
sup. temporal gyrus
62
The cochlear nuclei axons cross over or stay on the same side and go to the ______ which goes to _____ and projects to _______ which finally ends at the ____ ; the primary auditory center
lateral lemniscus inf colliculi medial geniculate nucleus sup temporal gyrus
63
Where audition is ultimately percieved
in the superior TEMPORAL GYRUS
64
loss of ability to localize sound
can happen with a lesion to the brainstem in the lateral lemniscus
65
Lesion in the brainstem at the lateral lemniscus causes what and not what
No deafness uni or bilaterally, also no reduced volume, just a loss in the ability to localize sound
66
unilateral deafness
a result of a lesion in cochlear nerve and or cochlear nuclei
67
auditory efferents
two muscles in the middle ear that have protective function against loud noises- the tensor tympani and stapedius
68
protective muscles in the middle ear that have protective functions against loud noises
auditory efferents-tensor tympani and stapedius
69
has a tendon that attaches to the malleus and keeps the bones still
tensor tympani-protective auditory efferent bone
70
tensor tympani
one of two auditory efferents; has a tendon that attaches to the maleus and restricts bone movement to reduce loud noise
71
Stapedius VIII
One of the two auditory efferents; Connects to the footplate of the stapes, contracts to prevent the plunging of the footplate into the cochlea to prevent the movement of fluid in the cochlea that prevents movement of organ of corti and electrical signal production of the hair fibers; clamps down to protect from loud noises
72
This clamps down on the footplate of the stapes to prevent plunging
Stapedius VII; one of the two auditory efferents
73
nerves that carry stimuli to the auditory afferents
Tensor tympani=trigeminal | Stapedius = seven
74
Why we do not like our own voices
B/c when we talk we actually hear two stimuli- one normal one and then also one from the larynx vibrating which will vibrate the ossicles a bit
75
function of vestibular system
functions to facilitate balance and coordination of head and body movements and the fixation of vision while the head is moving
76
functions to facilitate balance and coordination of head and body movements, as well as the fixation of vision while the head is moving
vestibular system
77
bony labrynth
cavity with petrous portion of temporal bone
78
membranous labrynth
contains a special epithelium that serves as a transduction apparatus for vestibulation
79
three sets of semicircular canals; at the base is
crysta ampullaris which contains the specialized epithelial cells which work in concert- horizontal ones work as a a pair as do ant. and post. ones on opposite sides-Works to detect ANGULAR ACCELERATION
80
Works to detect angular acceleration
the three sets of semicircular canals at the base of which is the crysta ampullaris with specialized epithelial cells-ampullae
81
Crysta ampullaris
Found at the base of the semicircular canals; have specialized epithelial cells -Hair cells- which are in contact with Scarpa's ganglion
82
Scarpa's ganglion
connected to hair cells of crysta ampullaris-send axons out that form the ampullary nerve which is part of the vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve
83
The vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve is formed by 3 axon branches; they are? and they come from?
Ampullar nerve which comes from scarpa's ganglion (next to crysta ampullaris) and utricular and saccular nerves which come from the utricle and the saccule
84
Difference between the ampullar nerve, the utricular nerve, and the saccular nerve?
Where they come from for starters: ampullar nerve is from scarpa's ganglion, other are utricle and saccule; also.... Aso the saccule is for vertical direction (elevator) Utricle- horizontal direction (car accelearating) All are for linear acceleration except ampullar (angular)
85
function in mediating linear acceleration
Saccule-vertical Utricle-horizontal Ampullar nerve is angular acceleration
86
mediates vertical acceleration (elevator)
the saccular nerve
87
mediates horizontal acceleration (car acclerating)
utricle
88
form the vestibular half of the vestibulocochlear nerve
the ampullar n. from scarpa's, utricle, and saccule
89
The vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear n. targets what...? where are they?
targets 4 sets of nuclei found in the brainstem at the junction of the pons and medulla
90
Ampullae
detect angular acceleration, widened portions containing hair cells
91
cupula
gelatinous mass from ampullary crest to the roof of ampulla
92
otolith organs
the utricle and saccule
93
lateral nucleus of the vestibular nuclei
for keeping upright posture
94
for keeping upright posture
lateral nucleus of vestibular nuclei
95
medial and sup nuclei of vestibular nuclei
function in head and eye movements; input from semicircular canals
96
vestibular nuclei involved in head and eye movements
input from semicircular canals- sup and middle nuclei
97
inf nuclei of vestibular nuclei
input from semicircular canals and otolith; contribute to both vestibulospinal tracts
98
vertigo
infection in the ear that puts pressure on the vestibular nerve
99
two main things that contribute to balance (think simple)
Vestibulation and proprioception

Neuro Exam 3 (7 decks)

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