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LMUCVM Anatomy I > CN II, III, IV, VI > Flashcards

CN II, III, IV, VI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the proper anatomical name for the eyeball?

A

bulbus oculi

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2
Q

The organs of vision are housed in the _____, where the eyeball is embedded in a generous quantity of fat.

A

orbit

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3
Q

The obit is open laterally with 2 processes. What are these 2 processes?

A

zygomatic process of the frontal bone; frontal process of the zygomatic bone

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4
Q

In [dogs/cats], the bony processes lateral to the orbit are very close or fused.

A

cats

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5
Q

In dogs and cats, the obit communicates caudally with the _____ _____.

A

temporal fossa

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6
Q

In dogs, the orbit is not fused, but there is an orbital _____ that closes the orbit laterally.

A

ligament

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7
Q

In [dogs/cats], the bony processes lateral to the orbit are separated and joined by the orbital ligament.

A

dog

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8
Q

Visual field we can only see with 1 eye:

A

monocular vision

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9
Q

Visual field we can see with both eyes:

A

binocular vision

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10
Q

Visual field in front of the head where there is no view:

A

blind area

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11
Q

Rabbits and horses have a tiny amount of binocular vision, but mostly have _____ vision, with a blind area in the front of the head.

A

monocular

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12
Q

Straight line passing through both poles of the bulbus oculi:

A

optic axis

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13
Q

A line equidistant from the poles of the bulbus oculi:

A

equator

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14
Q

The [equator/optic axis] is where tendons of the muscles that move the eye are attached.

A

equator

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15
Q

True or false?
We use “rostral” and “caudal” when referring to the eye.

A

false - we use anterior and posterior

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16
Q

This tunic gives form to and protects the eyeball:
(hint - sclera and cornea)

A

external fibrous tunic

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17
Q

This tunic contains blood vessels and smooth muscle, nutrition of the eyeball, regulates the shape of the lens, and regulates the size of the pupil:

A

middle vascular tunic

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18
Q

This tunic serves to translate visual stimuli into nerve impulses:
(hint- retina)

A

internal nervous tunic

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19
Q

What is the first bulbus oculi tunic that we see?

A

external fibrous tunic

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20
Q

The external fibrous tunic contains what 2 structures?

A

cornea and sclera

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21
Q

The [cornea/sclera] forms about one quarter of the fibrous tunic.

A

cornea

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22
Q

True or false?
The cornea is transparent.

A

true

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23
Q

The [cornea/sclera] is the main bulk of the external fibrous tunic.

A

sclera

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24
Q

True or false?
The sclera is white and thin.

A

false - it is white and thick

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25
Q

The _____ of the cornea depends on the species. For example, the cornea of cats is more spherical than dogs.

A

curvature

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26
Q

The cornea has more _____ receptors.

A

pain

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27
Q

The _____ is the boundary between the cornea and sclera.

A

limbus

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28
Q

The membrane that covers the sclera (could be pigmented):

A

conjunctiva

29
Q

The middle vascular tunic is also knows as the:

A

uvea
“uva” = grape

30
Q

The middle vascular tunic consists of what 3 key structures?

A

iris; ciliary body; choroid

31
Q

Eye “color” and adjusts thr size of the pupil:

A

iris

32
Q

Plays an important role in accommodation of the lens:

A

ciliary body

33
Q

Provides blood to the most caudal portion of the eyeball:

A

choroid

34
Q

The most anterior portion of the middle vascular tunic is the:

A

iris

35
Q

Divides the space between the lens and cornea into anterior and posterior chambers that communicate through the pupil:

A

iris

36
Q

Both the anterior and posterior chambers are filled with _____ _____.

A

aqueous humor

37
Q

When you see red eyes, you are seeing blood vessels running through _____ muscle.

A

smooth

38
Q

The iris contains 2 layers of smooth muscle. What are they?

A

sphincter of the pupil; dilator of the pupil

39
Q

The sphincter in cats is _____, while the sphincter in dogs is circular.

A

oblique

40
Q

The dilator of the pupil is always _____ shaped.

A

round

41
Q

Constriction of the pupil of the eye:

A

miosis

42
Q

Dilation of the pupil of the eye:

A

mydriasis

43
Q

The sphincter of the pupil is associated with [miosis/mydriasis].

A

miosis

44
Q

The dilator of the pupil is associated with [miosis/mydriasis].

A

mydriasis

45
Q

Lights on -> pupils contract -> miosis
Is this GVE parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

parasympathetic

46
Q

Lights off -> dilate pupil -> mydriasis
Is this GVE parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

sympathetic

47
Q

State of absolute or partial paralysis of pupillary constriction unilaterally or bilaterally (no response to light with consistent dilation):

A

paralytic mydriasis

48
Q

Regulates refraction of light hitting the retina to focus vision:

A

lens

49
Q

Suspends the lens and regulates its curvature:

A

ciliary body

50
Q

A raised ring with ridges converging toward the lens in the center:

A

ciliary body

51
Q

Smooth _____ muscle do the accommodation of the lens.

A

ciliary

52
Q

The ability of the eye to focus on near or distant objects by changing the shape of the lens:

A

accommodation

53
Q

Tendons that contract or relax to change the shape of the lens, making it spheric or flat.

A

zonular fibers

54
Q

The lens is spherical, so it can focus on things better if they are [closer/farther away].

A

closer

55
Q

When you contract the ciliary body and relax the zonular fibers, the lens becomes more _____.

A

spheric

56
Q

The reflex of accommodation is a [sympathetic/parasympathetic] innervation from what nerve?

A

parasympathetic; CN III

57
Q

Dense network of blood vessels embedded in heavily pigmented connective tissue:

A

choroid

58
Q

The light-reflecting area of the middle vascular tunic:

A

tapetum lucidum

59
Q

Humans don’t have a _____ _____, but have a good choroid.

A

tapetum lucidum

60
Q

Light-sensitive receptor cells that is known as the retina:

A

internal nervous tunic

61
Q

95% of receptors of the internal nervous tunic are _____, not _____. This is why dogs see less of a variety of colors.

A

rods; cones

62
Q

The area where the exons of the 4th layer concentrate to leave the eye:

A

optic disc

63
Q

The _____ _____ is not sensitive because it has no receptors.

A

optic disc

64
Q

An oval yellowish area surrounding the fovea near the center of the retina in the eye, which is the region of keenest vision:

A

macula

65
Q

The optic disc is a _____ spot.

A

blind

66
Q

Chamber of the eye between the cornea and iris, filled with aqueous humor:

A

anterior

67
Q

Chamber of the eye between the iris and ciliary body-lens, filled with aqueous humor:

A

posterior

68
Q

Chamber of the eye between the ciliary body and retina, filled with vitreous humor:

A

vitreous

69
Q

Plays a role in the maintenance of intraocular pressure. It is produced by cells of the ciliary processes.

A

aqueous humor

LMUCVM Anatomy I (7 decks)

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