CN II, III, IV, VI

Question 1

What is the proper anatomical name for the eyeball?

Answer 1

bulbus oculi

Question 2

The organs of vision are housed in the _____, where the eyeball is embedded in a generous quantity of fat.

Answer 2

orbit

Question 3

The obit is open laterally with 2 processes. What are these 2 processes?

Answer 3

zygomatic process of the frontal bone; frontal process of the zygomatic bone

Question 4

In [dogs/cats], the bony processes lateral to the orbit are very close or fused.

Answer 4

cats

Question 5

In dogs and cats, the obit communicates caudally with the _____ _____.

Answer 5

temporal fossa

Question 6

In dogs, the orbit is not fused, but there is an orbital _____ that closes the orbit laterally.

Answer 6

ligament

Question 7

In [dogs/cats], the bony processes lateral to the orbit are separated and joined by the orbital ligament.

Answer 7

dog

Question 8

Visual field we can only see with 1 eye:

Answer 8

monocular vision

Question 9

Visual field we can see with both eyes:

Answer 9

binocular vision

Question 10

Visual field in front of the head where there is no view:

Answer 10

blind area

Question 11

Rabbits and horses have a tiny amount of binocular vision, but mostly have _____ vision, with a blind area in the front of the head.

Answer 11

monocular

Question 12

Straight line passing through both poles of the bulbus oculi:

Answer 12

optic axis

Question 13

A line equidistant from the poles of the bulbus oculi:

Answer 13

equator

Question 14

The [equator/optic axis] is where tendons of the muscles that move the eye are attached.

Answer 14

equator

Question 15

True or false?
We use “rostral” and “caudal” when referring to the eye.

Answer 15

false - we use anterior and posterior

Question 16

This tunic gives form to and protects the eyeball:
(hint - sclera and cornea)

Answer 16

external fibrous tunic

Question 17

This tunic contains blood vessels and smooth muscle, nutrition of the eyeball, regulates the shape of the lens, and regulates the size of the pupil:

Answer 17

middle vascular tunic

Question 18

This tunic serves to translate visual stimuli into nerve impulses:
(hint- retina)

Answer 18

internal nervous tunic

Question 19

What is the first bulbus oculi tunic that we see?

Answer 19

external fibrous tunic

Question 20

The external fibrous tunic contains what 2 structures?

Answer 20

cornea and sclera

Question 21

The [cornea/sclera] forms about one quarter of the fibrous tunic.

Answer 21

cornea

Question 22

True or false?
The cornea is transparent.

Answer 22

true

Question 23

The [cornea/sclera] is the main bulk of the external fibrous tunic.

Answer 23

sclera

Question 24

True or false?
The sclera is white and thin.

Answer 24

false - it is white and thick

Question 25

The _____ of the cornea depends on the species. For example, the cornea of cats is more spherical than dogs.

Answer 25

curvature

Question 26

The cornea has more _____ receptors.

Answer 26

pain

Question 27

The _____ is the boundary between the cornea and sclera.

Answer 27

limbus

Question 28

The membrane that covers the sclera (could be pigmented):

Answer 28

conjunctiva

Question 29

The middle vascular tunic is also knows as the:

Answer 29

uvea "uva" = grape

Question 30

The middle vascular tunic consists of what 3 key structures?

Answer 30

iris; ciliary body; choroid

Question 31

Eye "color" and adjusts thr size of the pupil:

Answer 31

iris

Question 32

Plays an important role in accommodation of the lens:

Answer 32

ciliary body

Question 33

Provides blood to the most caudal portion of the eyeball:

Answer 33

choroid

Question 34

The most anterior portion of the middle vascular tunic is the:

Answer 34

iris

Question 35

Divides the space between the lens and cornea into anterior and posterior chambers that communicate through the pupil:

Answer 35

iris

Question 36

Both the anterior and posterior chambers are filled with _____ _____.

Answer 36

aqueous humor

Question 37

When you see red eyes, you are seeing blood vessels running through _____ muscle.

Answer 37

smooth

Question 38

The iris contains 2 layers of smooth muscle. What are they?

Answer 38

sphincter of the pupil; dilator of the pupil

Question 39

The sphincter in cats is _____, while the sphincter in dogs is circular.

Answer 39

oblique

Question 40

The dilator of the pupil is always _____ shaped.

Answer 40

round

Question 41

Constriction of the pupil of the eye:

Answer 41

miosis

Question 42

Dilation of the pupil of the eye:

Answer 42

mydriasis

Question 43

The sphincter of the pupil is associated with [miosis/mydriasis].

Answer 43

miosis

Question 44

The dilator of the pupil is associated with [miosis/mydriasis].

Answer 44

mydriasis

Question 45

Lights on -> pupils contract -> miosis Is this GVE parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Answer 45

parasympathetic

Question 46

Lights off -> dilate pupil -> mydriasis Is this GVE parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Answer 46

sympathetic

Question 47

State of absolute or partial paralysis of pupillary constriction unilaterally or bilaterally (no response to light with consistent dilation):

Answer 47

paralytic mydriasis

Question 48

Regulates refraction of light hitting the retina to focus vision:

Answer 48

lens

Question 49

Suspends the lens and regulates its curvature:

Answer 49

ciliary body

Question 50

A raised ring with ridges converging toward the lens in the center:

Answer 50

ciliary body

Question 51

Smooth _____ muscle do the accommodation of the lens.

Answer 51

ciliary

Question 52

The ability of the eye to focus on near or distant objects by changing the shape of the lens:

Answer 52

accommodation

Question 53

Tendons that contract or relax to change the shape of the lens, making it spheric or flat.

Answer 53

zonular fibers

Question 54

The lens is spherical, so it can focus on things better if they are [closer/farther away].

Answer 54

closer

Question 55

When you contract the ciliary body and relax the zonular fibers, the lens becomes more _____.

Answer 55

spheric

Question 56

The reflex of accommodation is a [sympathetic/parasympathetic] innervation from what nerve?

Answer 56

parasympathetic; CN III

Question 57

Dense network of blood vessels embedded in heavily pigmented connective tissue:

Answer 57

choroid

Question 58

The light-reflecting area of the middle vascular tunic:

Answer 58

tapetum lucidum

Question 59

Humans don't have a _____ _____, but have a good choroid.

Answer 59

tapetum lucidum

Question 60

Light-sensitive receptor cells that is known as the retina:

Answer 60

internal nervous tunic

Question 61

95% of receptors of the internal nervous tunic are _____, not _____. This is why dogs see less of a variety of colors.

Answer 61

rods; cones

Question 62

The area where the exons of the 4th layer concentrate to leave the eye:

Answer 62

optic disc

Question 63

The _____ _____ is not sensitive because it has no receptors.

Answer 63

optic disc

Question 64

An oval yellowish area surrounding the fovea near the center of the retina in the eye, which is the region of keenest vision:

Answer 64

macula

Question 65

The optic disc is a _____ spot.

Answer 65

blind

Question 66

Chamber of the eye between the cornea and iris, filled with aqueous humor:

Answer 66

anterior

Question 67

Chamber of the eye between the iris and ciliary body-lens, filled with aqueous humor:

Answer 67

posterior

Question 68

Chamber of the eye between the ciliary body and retina, filled with vitreous humor:

Answer 68

vitreous

Question 69

Plays a role in the maintenance of intraocular pressure. It is produced by cells of the ciliary processes.

Answer 69

aqueous humor