cmn reading Flashcards
aggression and violence:
what are the four basic varieties of intimate partner violence?
- situational couple violence
- coercive controlling violence
- separation instigated
- violent resistance
aggression and violence: (four basic varieties of intimate partner violence)
situational couple violence
- violent behavior that arises primarily in the context of interpersonal conflict
- this violence is NOT accompanied by chronic patterns of coercion, manipulation and control but rather associated with poor anger management communication skill deficits, or ineffective conflict resolution strategies
aggression and violence: (four basic varieties of intimate partner violence)
coercive controlling violence
involves physical violence that is associated with a chronic pattern of emotionally abusive intimidation, coercion and control
one parter engaging in a persistent effort to frighten, manipulate, terrorize, hurt, humiliate, injure, and otherwise dominate and control the other partner
goal is to maintain control
aggression and violence: (four basic varieties of intimate partner violence)
separation instigated
violence that first occurs in the relationship and separation
part of situational couple violence often the case that situational couple violence continues through the separation process and that coercive controlling violence may escalate to homicidal levels when the perpetrator feels his control is threatened by separation
aggression and violence: (four basic varieties of intimate partner violence)
violent resistance
many victims of domestic violence are forced to resort to aggression themselves in order to thwart the actions of their abusers
motivated by self defense
aggression and violence:
what are the risk factors of domestic abuse
psychopathology, attitudes, age (peaks in 20s and declines with age), alcohol use, prior exposure to relational aggression, cohabitation, socioeconomic economic status (lower education, poverty), and social isolation
aggression and violence:
what is re-victimization
Although less is known about the consequences of domestic violence for male victims, there is evidence that men who are abused experience the same physical and psychological outcomes as their female counterparts.
–They may, also, experience an additional adverse consequence—re-victimization by a domestic violence system that is designed to assist female victims and that consequently often doesn’t recognize that men, too, can be abused. Many male victims have reported having sought help in the past but have been turned away, laughed at, not taken seriously, and treated as batterers rather than victims. For many callers, this unfair treatment was as traumatic as the abuse itself.
aggression and violence:
What were the various research findings reported under the “prevalence” section of the chapter?
- -Sexual aggression is a fairly common occurrence within dating relationships. 25% of the men in a national survey of college students stated that they had used some form of sexual coercion or force on a dating partner.
- -Most of the forced and unwanted sexual activities that women experience occur within the context of their existing relationships.
- -Based on survey data from the US and other world regions indicate that sizable proportion of marriages contain sexual violence.
What are “hyper masculinity” and “hyper femininity” and what do they have to do with intimate partner violence?
- -Men who possess high levels of hyper masculinity demonstrate an exaggerated adherence to the masculine gender role—they believe that violence is manly, view danger and risk taking as exciting, and endorse calloused sexual attitudes toward women.
- -Women who scored high on hyper femininity reported experiencing higher amounts of sexual coercion, and a less-negative reaction to coercive sex scenarios
- -Men who adhere to extreme male gender qualities are more likely to condone sexual violence, as are women who adhere to overly extreme feminine qualities.
What is the “sexual double standard” and how does it relate to sexual aggression within romantic relationships?
-Normative beliefs that men are sexual, that male sexuality is an uncontrollable and powerful force, and women offer token resistance to sex (the sexual double standard) may contribute to sexual aggression.
What are the ways in which legal and religious influences are implicated in the occurrence of sexual coercion?
-Some ideologies promote the idea that husbands are entitled to have sex with their wives and that wives have no right to refuse their husband’s sexual requests. Until 1976, husbands in some states in the U.S. could not be charged with raping their wives (and marital rape is still legal in many parts of the world.)
What is the definition of adult bullying? What are the four characteristic features of adult bullying?
-A type of interpersonal aggression that occurs in the workplace and that consists of repeated and persistent negative actions from one person (or group of people) toward another person, typically but not always a subordinate.
Adult bullying has four characteristics
- -Intensity, which refers to the number of different negative, acts that targets experience (verbal abuse, ridicule, isolation intimidation)
- -Repetition—which refers to the frequency with which these negative acts occur
- -Duration—or the period of time over which the negative acts occur
- -Power disparity—the power differential between the target and the perpetrator
What are the five basic categories of adult bullying behaviors
- -Threats to professional status
- -Threats to personal standing
- -Isolation
- -Overwork
- -Destabilization
What are the some of the outcomes associated with workplace harassment?
–Sleep disturbances, cognitive impairments such as difficulty concentrating and remembering. Also, a variety of stress-related physical and psychological outcomes. They can experience PTSD symptoms.
–Also, less pleasure at work, a greater need for recovery from work, more worrying about work-related issues and events, and poorer sleep quality.
–Additionally, the harmful effects of bullying are not limited to the targets—their co workers suffer, too. Employees who observe bullying behavior report higher levels of job-related stress and lower levels of job satisfaction than employee who are not exposed to bullying.
