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CMB1003-Microbiology & Immunology > CMB1003/L02 Bacterial Shape, Size etc > Flashcards

CMB1003/L02 Bacterial Shape, Size etc Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe the process of Gram staining. (4)

A

Primary stain - crystal violet
Iodine - mordant
Wash with alcohol decolouriser
Safranin counterstain

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2
Q

What colour do Gram negative and positive bacteria stain?

A

Gram positive - purple
Gram negative - pink

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3
Q

What is the difference between Gram positive and negative bacteria?

A

+ve - outer many layers of peptidoglycan
-ve - inner and outer membrane with peptidoglycan between

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4
Q

Why are bacterial cell walls important? (3)

A

Protection against osmotic and environmental stresses
Defines shape
Helps with uniform cell division

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5
Q

What is the bacterial cell wall a target for?

A

Immune defenses
Antibiotics

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6
Q

What is Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)?

A

Genetic manipulation to make protein-GFP fusion

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7
Q

What does Green Fluorescent Protein enable?

A

Live cell, time lapse imaging

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8
Q

Give 2 disadvantages to Green Fluorescent Protein.

A

Many fusion proteins malfunction
Localisation may be misleading

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9
Q

What is the FtZ ring in bacteria equivalent to in eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotic tubulin

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10
Q

What is MreB equivalent to in eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotic actin

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11
Q

Which cells have a proteinaceous S-layer?

A

Many bacteria
Most archaea

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12
Q

What is a proteinaceous S-layer?

A

Outermost layer of cell envelope
Crystalline lattice of single protein

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13
Q

What is the function of the proteinaceous S-layer?

A

Protective, selective sieve

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14
Q

Why is the protective S-layer often lost in lab strains?

A

Bacteria can survive without it/ no longer need it

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15
Q

What are capsules made from?

A

Usually polysaccharide

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16
Q

What is the role of bacterial capsules?

A

Avoidance of immune response

17
Q

What are pili and fimbriae made from?

A

Protein polymers

18
Q

What is the difference between pili and fimbriae? (2)

A

Pili are usually longer than fimbriae
Usually fewer pili

19
Q

What gives directionality to flagella?

A

Chemotaxis

20
Q

What are endospores triggered by?

A

Starvation

21
Q

What are biofilms?

A

Communities often with multiple species held together by a matrix

22
Q

What can a biofilm ‘matrix’ consist of? (3)

A

Mainly polysaccharide
Protein
Nucleic acids

23
Q

What is the function of biofilms? (2)

A

Adhesion
Resistance

CMB1003-Microbiology & Immunology (26 decks)

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