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Ed Psych > Cluster 7 > Flashcards

Cluster 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Antecedents

A

Events that precede and action

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2
Q

Aversive

A

Irritating or unpleasant

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3
Q

Behavioral learning theories

A

Explanations of learning that focus on external events as the cause of changes in observable behaviors

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4
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Association of automatic responses with new stimuli

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5
Q

Conditioned response (CR)

A

Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

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6
Q

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

A

Stimulus that evokes and emotional of physiological response after conditioning

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7
Q

Contiguity

A

Association of two events because of repeated pairing

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8
Q

Continuous reinforcement schedule

A

Presenting a reinforcer after every appropriate response

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9
Q

Consequences

A

Events that follow an action

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10
Q

Cueing

A

Providing a stimulus that “sets up” a desired behavior

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11
Q

Effective instruction delivery

A

Instructions that are concise, clear, and specific, and that communicate and expected result. Statements work better than questions.

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12
Q

Extinction

A

The disappearance of a learned response

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13
Q

Intermittent reinforcement schedule

A

Presenting a reinforcer after some but not all responses

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14
Q

Interval schedule

A

Length of time between reinforcers

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15
Q

Learning

A

Process through which experience causes permanent change in knowledge or behavior

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16
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Strengthening behavior by removing an aversive stimulus when the behavior occurs

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17
Q

Neutral stimulus

A

Stimulus not connected to a response

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18
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning in which voluntary behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences or antecedents

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19
Q

Operants

A

Voluntary (and generally goal-directed) behaviors emitted by a person or an animal

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20
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

Strengthening behavior by presenting a desired stimulus after the behavior

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21
Q

Presentation Punishment

A

Decreasing the chances that a behavior will occur again by presenting an aversive stimulus following the behavior; also called Type 1 punishment

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22
Q

Prompt

A

A reminder that follows a cue to make sure the person reacts to the cue

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23
Q

Punishment

A

Process that weakens or suppresses a behavior

24
Q

Ratio schedule

A

Reinforcement based on the number of responses between reinforcers

25
Q

Reinforcement

A

Use of consequences to strengthen behavior

26
Q

Reinforcer

A

Any event that follows a behavior and increases the chances that the behavior will occur again

27
Q

Removal punishment

A

Decreasing the chances that a behavior will occur again by removing a pleasant stimulus following the behavior; also called Type 2 Punishment

28
Q

Respondents

A

Responses (generally automatic or involuntary) elicited by specific stimuli

29
Q

Response

A

Observable reaction to a stimulus

30
Q

Stimulus

A

Event that activates behavior

31
Q

Stimulus control

A

Capacity for the presence or absence of antecedents to cause behaviors

32
Q

Unconditioned response (UR)

A

Naturally occurring emotional or physiological response

33
Q

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

A

Stimulus that automatically produces an emotional or physiological response

34
Q

Applied behavior analysis

A

The application of behavioral learning principles to understand and change behavior

35
Q

Behavior modification

A

Systematic application of antecedents and consequences to change behavior

36
Q

Contingency contract

A

A contract between the teacher and a student specifying what the student must do to earn a particular reward or privilege

37
Q

Enactive learning

A

Learning by doing and experiencing the consequences of your actions

38
Q

Functional behavioral assessment (FBA)

A

Procedures used to obtain information about antecedents, behaviors, and consequences to determine the reason or function of the behavior

39
Q

Good behavior game

A

Arrangement where a class is divided into teams and each team receives demerit points for breaking agreed-upon rules of good behavior

40
Q

Group consequences

A

Rewards or punishments given to a class as a whole for adhering to or violating rules of conduct

41
Q

Observational learning

A

Learning by observation and imitation of others- vicarious learning

42
Q

Positive behavior supporters (PBS)

A

Interventions designed to replace problem behaviors with new actions that serve the same purpose for the student

43
Q

Positive practice

A

Practicing correct responses immediately after errors

44
Q

Precorrection

A

A tool for positive behavior support that involves identifying the context for a student’s misbehavior, clearly specifying the alternative expected behavior, modifying the situation to make the problem behavior less likely, then rehearsing the expected positive behaviors in the new context and providing powerful reinforcers

45
Q

Premack Principle

A

Principle stating that a more-preferred activity can serve as a reinforcer for a less-preferred activity

46
Q

Reprimands

A

Criticisms for misbehavior; rebukes

47
Q

Response Cost

A

Punishment by loss of reinforcers

48
Q

Self-management

A

Management of your own behavior and accpetance of responsibility for your own actions. Also the use of behavioral learning principles to change your own behavior.

49
Q

Self-reinforcement

A

Controlling (selecting and administering) your own reinforcers

50
Q

Shaping

A

Reinforcing each small step of progress toward a desired goal or behavior

51
Q

Social isolation

A

Removal of a disruptive student for 5 to 10 minutes

52
Q

Social learning theory

A

Theory that emphasizes learning through observation of others

53
Q

Successive approximations

A

Small components that make up a complex behavior

54
Q

Task analysis

A

System for breaking down a task hierarchically into basic skills and subskills

55
Q

Time out

A

Technically, the removal of all reinforcement. In practice, isolation of a student from the rest of the class for a brief time

56
Q

Token reinforcement system

A

System in which tokens earned for academic work and positive classroom behavior can be exchanged for some desired reward

Ed Psych (4 decks)

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