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Ed Psych > Cluster 4 > Flashcards

Cluster 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Automaticity

A

The ability to perform thoroughly learned tasks without much mental effort. The result of learning to perform a behavior or thinking process so thoroughly that the performance is automatic and does not require effort.

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2
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Ability to apply culturally approved problem-solving methods

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3
Q

Deviation IQ

A

Score based on a statistical comparison of an individual’s performance with the average performance of others in that age group.

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4
Q

Disability

A

The inability to do something specific such as walk or hear.

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5
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Mental efficiency, nonverbal abilities grounded in brain development

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6
Q

Flynn Effect

A

Because of better health, smaller families, increased complexity in the environment, and more and better schooling, IQ test scores are steadily rising

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7
Q

General Intelligence (g)

A

A general factor in cognitive ability that is related in varying degrees to performance on all mental tests

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8
Q

Handicap

A

A disadvantage in a particular situation, sometimes caused by a disability

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9
Q

Insight

A

The ability to deal effectively with novel situations

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10
Q

Intelligence

A

Ability or abilities to acquire and use knowledge for solving problems and adapting to the world

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11
Q

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

A

Score comparing mental and chronological ages

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12
Q

Learning preferences

A

Preferred ways of studying and learning, such as using pictures instead of text, working with other people versus alone, learning in structured or in unstructured situations, and so on.

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13
Q

Learning styles

A

Characteristic approaches to learning and studying

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14
Q

Mental age

A

In intelligence testing, a performance that represents average abilities for that age group

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15
Q

Theory of multiple intelligences

A

In Gardner’s theory of intelligence, a persons eight separate abilities: logical-mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.

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16
Q

Triarchic theory of successful intelligence

A

A three part description of the mental abilities (thinking processes, coping with new experiences, and adapting to context) that lead to more or less intelligent behavior

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17
Q

Absence Seizure

A

A seizure involving only a small part of the brain that causes a child to lose contact briefly

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18
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

A

Federal legislation prohibiting discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, transportation, public access, local government, and telecommunications

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19
Q

Articulation Disorders

A

Any or a variety of pronunciation difficulties, such as the substitution, distortion, or omission of sounds

20
Q

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

Current term for disruptive behavior disorders marked by overactivity, excessive difficulty sustaining attention, or implusiveness

21
Q

Autism/Autism spectrum disorders

A

Developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and non verbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age 3 and ranging form mild to major

22
Q

Cerbral palsy

A

Condition involving a range of motor or coordination difficulties due to brain damage

23
Q

Educationally blind

A

Needing Braille materials in order to learn

24
Q

Emotional and behavioral disorders

A

Behaviors or emotions that deviate so much from the norm that they interfere with the child’s own growth and development and/or the lives of others- inappropriate behaviors, unhappiness or depression, fears and anxieties, and trouble with relationships

25
Q

Epilepsy

A

Disorder marked by seizures and caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain

26
Q

Free, appropriate public education (FAPE)

A

Public funding to support appropriate educational programs for all students, no matter what their needs

27
Q

Generalized seizure

A

A seizure involving a large portion of the brain

28
Q

Inclusion

A

The integration of all students, including those with severe disabilities, into regular classes

29
Q

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

A

Annually revised program for an exceptional student, detailing present achievement level, goals, and strategies, drawn up by teachers, parents, specialists, and if possible the student

30
Q

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA)

A

Latest amendment of PL 94-142; guarantees a free public education to all children regardless of disability

31
Q

Integration

A

Fitting the child with special needs into existing class structures

32
Q

Intellectual disabilities/Mental retardation

A

Significantly below average intellectual and adaptive social behavior, evident before age 18

33
Q

Learned helplessness

A

The expectation, based on previous experiences with a lack of control, that all of ones efforts will lead to failure

34
Q

Learning disabily

A

Problem with acquisition and use of language; may show up as difficulty with reading, writing, reasoning, or math.

35
Q

Least restrictive environment (LRE)

A

Educating each child with peers in the regular classroom to the greatest extent possible

36
Q

Low vision

A

Vision limited to close objects

37
Q

Mainstreaming

A

Teaching children with disabilities in regular classes for part or all of their school day

38
Q

Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)

A

A term favored by the medical community to describe autism spectrum disorders

39
Q

Response to intervention (RTI)

A

A process to make sure students get appropriate research-based instruction and support as soon as possible and that teachers are systematic in documenting what interventions they have tried with these students so this information can be used in planning

40
Q

Section 504

A

A part of civil rights law that prevents discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal funds, such as public schools

41
Q

Spasticity

A

Overly tight or tense muscles, characteristic of some forms of cerebral palsy

42
Q

Speech Disorder

A

Inability to produce sounds effectively

43
Q

Transition programming

A

Gradual preparation of students with special needs to move from high school into further education or training, employment, or community

44
Q

Voicing Problems

A

Inappropriate pitch, quality, loudness, or intonation

45
Q

Zero Reject

A

A basic principle of IDEA specifying that no student with a disability, no matter what kind or how severe, can be denied a free public education

46
Q

Gifted and talented students

A

Very bright, creative, and talented students

Ed Psych (4 decks)

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