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CLT 252 > CLT 252 Exam 3 > Flashcards

CLT 252 Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

For the best fixation/preservation of cytology smears, fixation should occur within what time frame of being placed on a slide?
a. 2 seconds
b. 10 seconds
c. 30 seconds
d. 60 seconds

A

a. 2 seconds

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2
Q

Fibers that are high in oxidative enzymes and used for aerobic conditions are classified as:
a. Type I fibers
b. Type IIA fibers
c. Type IIB fibers
d. Type IIC fibers

A

a. Type I fibers

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3
Q

Orange G stains keratinized squamous cells a bright orange,
- True
- False

A
  • True
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4
Q

The edges of a cytology smear show cells that are distorted due to being air-dried. This is most common if the smear technique used is:
a. crosshatch
b. feather
c. nickel
d. pull-apart

A

b. feather

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5
Q

When freezing muscle biopsy specimens, the temperature of the liquid nitrogen should be:
a. between -80°C to -50°C
b. at exactly -20°C
c. at exactly -150°C
d. at exactly 37°C

A

a. at exactly -150°C

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6
Q

The term for lack of structural differentiation within a cell or group of cells is:
a. anaplasia
b. benign
c. neoplasm
d. primary

A

a. anaplasia

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7
Q

Which of the following smear methods is the most appropriate for processing sparsely cellular urine?
a. crush method
b. nickel
c. cross-hatch
d. cytocentrifugation

A

d. cytocentrifugation

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8
Q

Hematoxylin used in Pap stains can only be used regressively.
- True
- False

A
  • False
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9
Q

Nemaline rods or “ragged red” fiber change can be seen with the following stain:
a. gum tragacanth
b. Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase technique
c. Gomori trichrome solution
d. acid phosphatase

A

c. Gomori trichrome solution

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10
Q

Which of the following enzymes is not a hydrolase?
a. acid phosphatase
b. esterase
c. alkaline phosphatase
d. NADH diaphorase

A

d. NADH diaphorase

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11
Q

NBT stands for:
a. Non-bilious trans
b. Nitro blue tetrazolium
c. naphthol bi triphosphate
d. neuro beta transferase

A

b. Nitro blue tetrazolium

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12
Q

Enzymes that act on substrates by adding water belong to the group known as:
a. phosphorylases
b. hydrolases
c. oxidoreductases
d. transferases

A

b. hydrolases

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13
Q

Metabolically inactive epithelial cells will be what color with the Pap stain?
a. blue
b. green
c. orange
d. pink

A

d. pink

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14
Q

Optimal dilutions for each antibody must be determined in your laboratory.
- True
- False

A
  • True
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15
Q

Succinic dehydrogenase procedures demonstrate:
a. mitochondria
b. lysosomes
c. Z-band material
d. sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

a. mitochondria

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16
Q

An important property of enzymes is that they:
a. slow down biological reactions
b. are destroyed in the reaction
c. Bind to the substrate
d. act over a large range of temperatures

A

c. Bind to the substrate

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17
Q

The pap stain uses which of the following types of hematoxylin staining solutions?
a. Harris
b. Mayer
c. Verhoeff
d. Weigert

A

a. Harris

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18
Q

0.5mL of a 1:50 dilution of antibody is needed. How many microliters of the primary would be needed?
a. 0.1
b. 1.0
c. 10.0
d. 100.0

A

c. 10.0

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19
Q

A neoplasm is defined as a/an:
a. anaplastic tumor
b. adenocarcinoma
c. undifferentiated tumor
d. new growth of uncontrolled cell multiplication

A

d. new growth of uncontrolled cell multiplication

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20
Q

Which of the following antibodies would NOT help classify a lymphoma:
a. CK20
b. CD15
c. CD20
d. CD3

A

a. CK20

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20
Q

Which of the following has been eliminated with polymeric immunohistochemical staining methods?
a. chromogen
b. serum and avidin-biotin blocking steps
c. heat and enzyme retrieval methods
d. secondary antibody

A

b. serum and avidin-biotin blocking steps

20
Q

Biological oxidation occurs with the:
a. loss of hydrogen
b. loss of oxygen
c. gain of hydrogen
d. gain of electrons

A

a. loss of hydrogen

21
Q

In the indirect immunohistochemical method, the:
a. labeled antibody is reacted with the patient’s tissue
b. soluble enzyme-antienzyme complex is made in the same animal as the primary antibody used
c. patient’s serum is added to tissue sections containing known antigens
d. technique depends on the formation of an avidin-biotin complex

A

c. patient’s serum is added to tissue sections containing known antigens

22
Q

Tissue for immunofluorescence must be:
a. fixed briefly in formalin and then frozen
b. frozen and then fixed in acetone
c. fixed in alcohol and paraffin processed
d. frozen and unfixed

A

d. frozen and unfixed

23
Q

Which of the following methods involves using a small wire loop?
a. Nickel method
b. Saccomanno
c. Crosshatch method
d. Crush method

A

c. Crosshatch method

23
Q

A dye that absorbs light and then emits its own light at a longer wavelength is known as a:
a. chromagen
b. conjugated
c. labeled
d. fluorochrome

A

d. fluorochrome

24
Q

When an antibody labeled with a chromogen is reacted with tissue from a patient, the immunohistochemical technique is called:
a. direct
b. indirect
c. avidin-biotin complex
d. soluble enzyme immune complex

A

a. direct

25
Q

Horseradish peroxidase is used in some avidin-biotin methods as the:
a. chromogen
b. label
c. substrate
d. enzyme

A

d. enzyme

26
Q

Regulations regarding predictive marker staining of tissue place responsibility for documenting time in fixative on the laboratory.
- True
- False

A
  • True
27
Q

Metastasis is:
a. A new growth of tissue where cell growth is uncontrolled and progressive.
b. the extent to which neoplastic cells resemble comparable normal cells.
c. the site at which a neoplasm first arises.
d. the transfer of disease from one part of the body to another.

A

d. The transfer of disease from one part of the body to another.

28
Q

Which of the following is a fluorochrome?
a. FITC
b. alkaline phosphatase
c. DAB
d. fast red

A

a. FITC

29
Q

Which of the following smear methods is the most appropriate for processing mucoid specimens?
a. crush method
b. nickel method
c. pull-apart
d. cytocentrifugation

A

a. crush method

30
Q

Negative control slides run with each stain for a specific antibody omit the:
a. chromagen
b. enzyme
c. primary antibody
d. secondary antibody

A

c. primary antibody

31
Q

The endomysium is a network of connective tissue surrounding:
a. each muscle fiber
b. a muscle fascicle
c. an entire muscle
d. the tendinous insertion

A

a. each muscle fiber

32
Q

Which of the following is not a histochemical reaction for demonstrating hydrolytic enzymes?
a. Warthin-Starry rearrangement
b. Simultaneous capture or coupling
c. Post incubation coupling
d. Self colored substrate
e. Intramolecular rearrangement

A

a. Warthin-Starry rearrangement

33
Q

Most fresh non-gynecologic specimens for cytology examination can be stored in a refrigerator for 24 hours to 72 hours without fixation.
- True
- False

A
  • True
34
Q

Which of the following non-gynecologic specimens deteriorates quickly (within 24 hours) and should be either brought to the lab immediately for cytopreparation or placed in a fixative solution?
a. ascites fluid
b. gastric washings
c. pleural fluids
d. urine

A

d. urine

35
Q

A widely used stain for cytology is:
a. the Papanicolaou stain
b. Prussian blue
c. the Fite stain
d. the Bodian method

A

a. the Papanicolaou stain

36
Q

The optimum procedure for freezing muscle biopsies is:
a. isopentane at -150 °C
b. liquid nitrogen
c. the cryostat chiller plate
d. freon

A

a. isopentane at -150 °C

37
Q

A compound is reduced when which of the following is removed?
a. water
b. oxygen
c. hydrogen
d. electrons

A

b. oxygen

37
Q

Which of the following techniques is performed on the specimen at three different pHs?
a. Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase technique
b. Modified Gomori trichrome
c. ATPase stain
d. Pap stain

A

c. ATPase stain

38
Q

Precut control slides may be sorted at room temperature indefinitely.
- True
- False

A
  • False
39
Q

A Tzanck smear is :
a. a direct smear from a lesion
b. made from a bronchial washing
c. made from a discharge from the breast/nipple
d. made from gastric brushings

A

a. a direct smear from a lesion

40
Q

The acid phosphatase reaction on muscle demonstrates
a. lysosomes
b. mitochondria
c. Z-band material
d. regenerating fibers

A

a. lysosomes

41
Q

Blocking reactions are used to block endogenous activity of the same enzyme as that used for the enzyme immune complex.
- True
- False

A
  • True
42
Q

The light green in the various EA formulations for Pap staining is very sensitive to:
a. temperature
b. concentration
c. light
d. precipitation

A

c. light

43
Q

The absence of phosphorylase activity in muscle demonstrates:
- Pompe disease
- Cori disease
- McArdle disease
- normal muscle

A
  • McArdle disease
44
Q

For immunohistological techniques, all paraffin must be removed completely:
- because of fluorochromes
- to prevent blocking antibody-binding sites
- due to antibody validation
- because paraffin contains 3,3’diaminobenzidine

A
  • to prevent blocking antibody-binding sites
45
Q

Fixation of cytology cells while they are in a liquid state produces flat cells that are spread out.
- True
- False

A
  • False
46
Q

Cell blocks are usually fixed in:
a. formalin
b. methanol
c. ethanol
d. acetic acid

A

a. formalin

CLT 252 (4 decks)

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