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CLT 252 > CLT 252 EXAM 1 > Flashcards

CLT 252 EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Formaldehyde is considered a :
a. possible carcinogen
b. strong oxidizer
c. flammable liquid
d. weak acid

A

a. possible carcinogen

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2
Q

Which of the following is concerned with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)?
a. Laboratory Standard
b. Hazard Communication Standard
c. Formaldehyde Standard
d. Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

A

d. Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

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3
Q

The PEL for an 8-hour shift is:
a. 0.50ppm
b. 0.75ppm
c. 2.0ppm
d. 1.5ppm

A

b. 0.75ppm

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4
Q

The right yellow diamond in the NFPA chemical hazard label provides information on which of the following?
a. flammability
b. reactivity
c. special warnings
d. health hazards

A

b. reactivity

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5
Q

Development of a chemical hygiene plan is mandated under which of the following?
a. Formaldehyde Standard
b. Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
c. Laboratory Standard
d. Hazard Communication Standard

A

c. Laboratory Standard

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6
Q

Formalin pigment may be removed from tissue by:
a. alcoholic iodine
b. running water
c. potassium permanganate
d. alcoholic picric acid

A

d. alcoholic picric acid

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7
Q

Fats are usually preserved best if the tissue is fixed in:
a. osmium tetroxide
b. Helly
c. Carnoy
d. Bouin

A

a. osmium tetroxide

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8
Q

The first and most important procedure in the preparation of a tissue for microscopic examination is the choice of
a. staining technique
b. fixative
c. clearing agent
d. dehydrating agent

A

b. fixative

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9
Q

When alcohol is used as the primary fixative, one should expect:
a. slow penetration
b. very soft tissue
c. excessive tissue shrinkage
d. fat preservation

A

c. excessive tissue shrinkage

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10
Q

Acids should be diluted by pouring the concentrated acid into water.
- True
- False

A
  • True
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11
Q

Which of the following does not apply to Bouin Solution?
a. contains mercury
b. lyses red blood cells
c. causes crisp nuclei appearance in gastrointestinal tract
d. not indicated for electron microscopy

A

a. contains mercury

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12
Q

H&E stained sections show a brown microcrystalline deposit lying on top of the tissue. This can most likely be prevented in the future by:
a. washing the tissue after fixation
b. decreasing the time in formalin solution
c. filtering the hematoxylin solution before use
d. raising the pH of the formalin to >6.0

A

d. raising the pH of the formalin to >6.0

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13
Q

All of the following is true about the fixative Glutaraldehyde except:
a. used in conjunction with Schiff reagent
b. gross sections must be thin for penetration
c. noncoagulant
d. used for electron microscopy

A

a. used in conjunction with Schiff reagent

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14
Q

Carnoy Solution
a. is used for transporting unfixed tissues
b. is not carcinogenic
c. slowly penetrates
d. preserves the nucleus and glycogen

A

d. preserves the nucleus and glycogen

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15
Q

3.75mL of ammonium hydroxide diluted to 500mL is equal to a:
a. 1.3% solution
b. 0.13% solution
c. 0.075% solution
d. 0.75% solution

A

d. 0.75% solution

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16
Q

1 cubic centimeter equals:
a. 0.0001 liter
b. 0.001 liter
c. 0.01 liter
d. 0.1 liter

A

b. 0.001 liter

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17
Q

The presence of acetic acid in fixatives produces:
a. cell shrinkage
b. red cell destruction
c. protein coagulation
d. lipid preservation

A

b. red cell destruction

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18
Q

Michel medium is:
a. used for transporting unfixed tissue
b. indicated for long-term storage of fixed tissues
c. a fixative with limited use
d. an antigen retrieval solution

A

a. used for transporting unfixed tissue

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19
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of quality fixation?
a. crispy nuclear membrane
b. crispy chromatin patterns
c. artifactual spaces between cells
d. cytoplasm stains well with eosin

A

c. artifactual spaces between cells

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20
Q

2.5 grams of light green dissolved in 500mL of water is equivalent to which of the following percent solutions?
a. 0.2
b. 0.25
c. 0.50
d. 1.25

A

c. 0.50

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21
Q

2 mL of a 1:50 dilution of antibody is needed. If beginning with an undiluted antibody, which of the following dilutions is correct?
a. 0.4 mL diluted to 2.0 mL
b. 4 μL diluted to 2.0 mL
c. 40 μL diluted to 2.0 mL
d. 400 μL diluted to 2.0 mL

A

c. 40 μL diluted to 2.0 mL

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22
Q

Signal words are used on labels to indicate relative level of severity of a hazard.
- True
- False

A
  • True
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23
Q

A frozen section is classified as the following type of hazard:
a. flammable
b. radioactive
c. carcinogenic
d. biological

A

d. biological

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24
Q

Chloroform is classified as the following type of hazard:
a. carcinogenic
b. radioactive
c. biological
d. flammable

A

a. carcinogenic

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25
Q

A cryostat is classified as the following type of hazard:
a. flammable
b. biological
c. radioactive
d. carcinogenic

A

b. biological

26
Q

During cryotomy, sections of varying thickness are obtained. This can most likely be corrected by:
a. Lowering the cryostat temperature
b. warming the blade edge
c. increasing the blade tilt
d. decreasing the speed of sectioning

A

c. increasing the blade tilt

27
Q

A pH 7.0 buffer solution is:
a. considered an acid solution
b. considered a basic solution
c. should be used to calibrate the pH meter for measuring the pH of neutral buffered formalin
d. should be used to calibrate the pH meter for adjusting the pH of the Warthin-Starry staining solution

A

c. should be used to calibrate the pH meter for measuring the pH of neutral buffered formalin

28
Q

A polarizing microscope :
a. makes use of a mercury or halogen light source
b. is useful for identifying crystals
c. is used for identifying unstained living cells
d. aims an electron beam at the specimen

A

b. is useful for identifying crystals

29
Q

Bar codes may be linear or 3D.
- True
- False

A
  • False
30
Q

The laboratory refrigerator is kept at
a. 4 °C
b. 37 °C
c. 45 °C
d. -20 °C

A

a. 4 °C

31
Q

Birefringent substances are best examined with which of the following microscopes?
a. florescence
b. electron
c. light
d. polarizing

A

d. polarizing

32
Q

Ethanol functions as a(an):
a. dehydrating agent
b. clearing agent
c. universal solvent
d. infiltrating medium

A

a. dehydrating agent

33
Q

The processing step that assures alcohol is removed from the tissue is:
a. fixation
b. dehydration
c. clearing
d. infiltration

A

c. clearing

34
Q

The fixation of tissue by physical methods can be accomplished by the use of:
a. microincineration
b. microwaves
c. frozen sections
d. alcohol

A

b. microwaves

35
Q

Which of the following fixatives is the most dangerous to one’s health?
a. potassium dichromate
b. Moist picric acid
c. glyoxal
d. zinc salts

A

a. potassium dichromate

36
Q

Which of the following is not a fixative action?
a. kills bacteria and mold
b. makes tissue more receptive to staining
c. activates enzymes
d. stabilizes proteins

A

c. activates enzymes

37
Q

Using a coagulant fixative results in a mesh-like tissue so that solutions can easily enter and penetrate the tissue.
- True
- False

A
  • True
38
Q

Which of the following is considered to be a nonadditive fixative?
a. potassium dichromate
b. formaldyhyde
c. mecuric chloride
d. acetone

A

d. acetone

39
Q

Which of the following fixatives contain mercury?
a. Bouin Solution
b. B-5
c. Picric acid
d. glutaraldehyde

A

b. B-5

40
Q

Which of the following is not true about fixatives?
a. The ideal tissue size is 3mm
b. The volume of fixative should be 15 to 20 times the volume of the tissue
c. Decreasing the temperature increases the rate of fixation
d. The optimum time for a tissue to spend in the fixative depends on the type of fixative used

A

c. Decreasing the temperature increases the rate of fixation

41
Q

Crosshatching and triangular holes in tissue are called sponge artifact
- True
- False

A
  • True
42
Q

Which is the best method for preparing frozen sections?
a. Cryostat
b. Isopentane alone
c. liquid nitrogen alone
d. isopentane and liquid nitrogen

A

d. isopentane and liquid nitrogen

43
Q

5 cm is equivalent to:
a. 50 micrometers
b. 500 micrometers
c. 5,000 micrometers
d. 50,000 micrometers

A

d. 50,000 micrometers

44
Q

Which of the following is not true about tissue orientation?
a. Most tissues should be oriented horizontally
b. Tubule tissues must be embedded in the cross-section
c. All pieces of skin should be oriented with the epidermis on the same side of the mold
d. When multiple specimens are in the mold, they should be aligned in parallel

A

a. Most tissues should be oriented horizontally

45
Q

Which of the following clearing agents is most widely used, rapidly displaces water, results in transparent tissue and is intolerant to the presence of water?
a. chloroform
b. benezene
c. xylene
d. EDTA

A

c. xylene

46
Q

Which of the following clearing agents penetrates slowly and works best for the uterus, muscle, and tendon?
a. xylene
b. chloroform
c. EDTA
d. benzene

A

b. chloroform

47
Q

Enzyme testing can not be performed on tissue after a chelating agent is used for decalcification.
- True
- False

A
  • True
48
Q

All of the following is true about using a cryostat except:
a. the optimal blade tilt is 30 degrees
b. it is operated at a temperature of 10°C
c. A high-profile blade is used
d. it should be operated at colder temperatures when using tissues containing fats

A

b. it is operated at a temperature of 10°C

49
Q

The microwave oven creates heat in staining solutions by:
a. conduction
b. convection
c. nonionizing radiation
d. electrolytic action

A

c. nonionizing radiation

50
Q

A section shows washboarding, venetian blinds, and undulations. This most likely could be corrected by:
a. increasing the blade tilt
b. tightening the block and blade clamps
c. moving the blade
d. increasing the clearance angle

A

b. tightening the block and blade clamps

51
Q

Microscopic evaluation reveals a poorly stained H&E section of spleen. The results are due to:
a. improper sectioning
b. poor fixation
c. poor staining
d. incorrect section placement

A

b. poor fixation

52
Q

A good paraffin for routine use is one with a melting point of:
a. 50C to 52C
b. 55C to 58C
c. 60C to 62C
d. 63C to 65C

A

b. 55C to 58C

53
Q

The process of removing water from tissue is called:
a. dehydration
b. reduction
c. oxidation
d. clearing

A

a. dehydration

54
Q

Reagents that both clear and dehydrate are called:
a. dealcoholization reagents
b. essential oils
c. clearing agents
d. universal solvents

A

d. universal solvents

55
Q

Dark areas in TEM are due to:
a. transmitted electrons
b. deflected electrons
c. secondary electrons
d. immunofluorescence

A

a. transmitted electrons

56
Q

Absolute alcohol is the primary fixative to demonstrate:
a. fat
b. immunofluorescence
c. enzymes
d. urates

A

d. urates

57
Q

10% formalin is the same as
a. 37%-40% formaldehyde
b. 10% formaldehyde
c. 4% formaldehyde
d. 1% formaldehyde

A

c. 4% formaldehyde

58
Q

The volume of fixative should exceed the volume of tissue by:
a. 1x to 2x
b. 5x to 10x
c. 15x to 20x
d. 25x to 50x

A

c. 15x to 20x

59
Q

Flotation baths are commonly maintained at:
a. the paraffin’s melting point
b. 5C to 10C below the melting point of the paraffin
c. 5C to 10C above the melting point of the paraffin
d. at 37C

A

b. 5C to 10C below the melting point of the paraffin

60
Q

Fluorescent microscopy uses a/an :
a. halogen lamp
b. electron gun
3. polarizer
4. fluorescent screen

A

a. halogen lamp

CLT 252 (4 decks)

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