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MICR 3343 > Clostridium, legionella and vibrio > Flashcards

Clostridium, legionella and vibrio Flashcards

1
Q

Clostridium

A
  • obligate anaerobe
  • fermentation
  • killed by oxygen
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2
Q

Endogenous infection

A

-normal human flora

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3
Q

Exogenous infection

A

-enviroment

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4
Q

sites of anaerobes in the normal flora

A
  • intestine
  • mouth
  • genitourinary tract
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5
Q

strict anaerobe infectious disease

A
  • sites throughout the body
  • muscle, cutaneous/ sub-cutaneous
  • abscesses
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6
Q

Clostridia

A

Gram-positive rods

  • human intestine
  • soil
  • spore formers
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7
Q

C. perfringens

A
  • soil, fecal contamination
  • wound contamination WWI
  • gas gangrene
  • gas production
  • growth on sheep blood agar
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8
Q

Clostridial cellulitis

A

-introduces into tissue during surgery by a traumatic injury

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9
Q

Pathogenisis C. perfringens

A

-enterotoxins released on sporulation
-tissue degrading enzymes
=lecithinase- massive hemolysis
=proteolytic enzymes
=saccharolytic enzymes
-destruction of blood vessels
-tissue necrosis
-creates anaerobe environment

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10
Q

Diagnosis C. perfringens

A

-Laboratory identification
=lecithinase production
=gram stain
=x rays, resonance image

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11
Q

Treatment C. perfringens

A

-penicillin
-debridement
-anti-toxin
-amputation and death is rare
=Hyperbaric chamber (oxygen)

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12
Q

Clostridium tetani

A
  • non-invasive
  • tetanus
  • lockjaw
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13
Q

Tetanus toxin: tetanospasmin

A
  • deseminates systematically
  • binds to ganglioside receptors
  • glycine- neurotransmitter
  • stops nerve impulse to muscles
  • spastic rigid paralysis
  • severe muscle contractions
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14
Q

Vaccination Tetanus

A

-DTP (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus)
-booster every 10 years
-tetanus toxoid
=antigenic
=no exotoxic activity

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15
Q

Treatment Tetanus

A
  • immunization with tetanus immune globulin TIG
  • active immunization with tetanus toxoid
  • control muscle spams
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16
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

-gram-negative rod
-stains poorly silver stain is better
-non-spore-forming
-oxidase and catalase positive
frow on a charcoal disk

17
Q

Legionnaire’s disease

A
  • pneumonia 2-10 days after exposure
  • requires antibiotic treatment
  • more frequently on elderly , hospitals
18
Q

Pontiac fever

A
  • acute onset flu-like illness
  • no pneumonia
  • myalgia (muscle pain)
19
Q

Legionella pneumonia transmission

A
  • environmental reservoir
  • natural bodies of water
  • hor water towers
  • not spread person to person
20
Q

Diagnostic legionella

A
  • poor isolation from clinical specimens
  • antigens tests for serogroup 1
  • PCR
  • plate on buffered charcoal yeast extract with iron salts, l-cysteine, colonies can be visualized with UV
21
Q

Identification of legionella

A
  • 2 blood specimens taken at least 4 weeks apart

- Positive indirect FA test for L. pneumonia in a patient septum

22
Q

Treatment Legionnaire’s disease

A

-Macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin) or fluoroinolones (ciprofloxaci, levofloxin)

23
Q

Pontiac fever treatment

A

-self-limiting, only need supportive care

24
Q

vibrios

A
  • gram-negative rods
  • comma-shaped
  • oxidase-positive
  • readily cultivates
  • all species required NaCl
  • V. cholerae CAN GROW W/O SALT
25
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

-ingestion of seafood
200 serogroups
-only O1 and O139 produce cholera toxin
-O1 has 3 serotypes: Inaba, Ogawa, Hikajima
-2 biotypes: Classical and El Tor
-Growth on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts TCBS agar

26
Q

Cholera

A
  • massive secretion of ions and water into the lumen of the gut
  • “rice-water stools” isotonic containing high levels of potassium
  • dehydration and death
27
Q

Washer hands

A

severe dehydration due to cholera

28
Q

Cholera toxin Choleragen

A

-B binds to gangliosides
-provides a channel for A
-A catalyzes ADP ribosylation
=regulator complex
=activates adenylate cycles

29
Q

Treatment cholera

A
  • fluid replacement if massive fluid lost: hypovolemic shock
  • azithromycin
  • resistant to ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics
30
Q

Vaccination Cholera

A

Partially effective

-no long term protection

31
Q

Vibrio vulnificus

A
  • septicemia

- necrosis

32
Q

Vibrio vulnificus treatment

A
  • antibiotic treatment

- minocycline or doxycycline + ceftriaxone or cefotaxime.

MICR 3343 (10 decks)

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