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MICR 3343 > Bacterial Classification > Flashcards

Bacterial Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotes

A
  • lack organelles
  • have photosynthetic pigments
  • some have flagella or pili
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2
Q

Plasmids

A

small loops of DNA that can be transmitted from one cell to another either with sex or viruses
-beneficial for antibiotic resistance

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3
Q

Gram-positive

A
  • thick peptidoglycan layer
  • contain teichoic and lipoteichoic acids
  • carbohydrate polymers cross linked by proteins
  • purple
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4
Q

Gram-negative

A
  • double cell membrane
  • thin layer of peptidoglycan and outer membrane of LPS and proteins
  • pink
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5
Q

Biochemical reactions

A

lactose fermenting vs non fermenting

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6
Q

Serotype

A

group A vs B vs D streptococcus

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7
Q

Antibiotic Resistance pattens

A

MSSA vs MRSA

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8
Q

Periplasmic space

A

gram-negative, the space between the two layers

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9
Q

S-layer

A

allows the bacteria to adhere to host cells, attached to the outer membrane

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10
Q

Flagella

A

whip-like appearence that helps to propel a cells

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11
Q

Bacterial chromosome

A
  • circular chromosome, main genome carries housekeeping genes
  • the DNA is packed by DNA binding proteins
  • Plasmid carries genes that are not always require for growth
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12
Q

Borrelia

A

linear chromosome

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13
Q

Burkholderia species and vibrio cholerae

A

more that one chromosome

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14
Q

DNA replication is catalyzed by

A

DNA polymerase

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15
Q

DNA polymerase need an

A

RNA primer

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16
Q

Nucleotides are added by

A

Complementary base pairing with the template strand

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17
Q

Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphaes are

A

hydrolyzed as added releasing energy for DNA synthesis

18
Q

Replication of the chromosomal bacterial

A
  • 5’ to 3’
  • OriC is the only place where replication is incited
  • Bidirectional two replication forks
  • when forks meet terminate the replication
19
Q

Messenger RNA mRNA

A

is synthesized complementary to a gene and subsequently translated into a polypeptide or protein an tRNA

20
Q

Ribosomal RNA rRNA

A

-structural component of the ribosome

21
Q

Gene

A

a region of DNA encoding a particular polypeptide chain or functional RNA such as rRNA or tRNA

22
Q

Codon

A

a sequence of three nucleotides that via messenger m RNA code for an amino

23
Q

Anticodon

A

sequence of three ribonucleic bases in a molecule of transfer RNA complementary to a messenger RNA codon. the anticodon of tRNA forming hydrogen bonds with the codons along the mRNA is what inserts the proper amino acid in the proper place during translation

24
Q

Start codon

A

sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies the first amino acid in the synthesis of a polypeptide chain AUG or GUG proka and AUG in euka

25
Q

Nonsense or stop codon

A

sequence of 3 nucleotides that stop mRNA transcription

26
Q

Transformation

A

DNA enters recipient cell and integrates into DNA

27
Q

Transduction

A

cell lysis release of phages, phage infects recipient cell donor DNA integrates into recipient DNA

28
Q

Conjugation

A

plasmid moves from donor to recipient via sex (pilus), DNA integrates

29
Q

Transposition

A

jumping genes, transposon with inverted repeats

30
Q

Pathogenesis

A

origen and development of the disease

31
Q

Virulence

A

Capacity of a microorganism to cause disease

32
Q

Virulence factors

A

Molecules expressed and secreted by the pathogen

33
Q

Pathogenicity depends

A
  • characteristics of bacteria and strains
  • Immune status of the host
  • number of organisms in the exposure
34
Q

Normal flora

A 
skin
-staphylococcus aureus
-s. epidermis
-propionibacterium acnes 
Intestin
-Bacteroides high number
-Enterobacteriaceae low in
35
Q

Toxins

A

bacterial products that harm tissue or trigger destructive activities
-can promote cytokine release

36
Q

Exotoxins

A 
cytolytic enzymes, receptor binding proteins 
-alter a function or kill the cell 
-C. perfringens alpha toxin
-hemolysis 
pore forming toxins
37
Q

Membrane damaging exotoxins

A
  • Proteases
  • phospholipases
  • detergent like action
38
Q

A-B subunit toxins

A
  • B promotes cell entry
  • target specific tissues
  • result in diarrhea loss of neuronal function
  • biochemical targets (ribosomes, transport, cell signaling)
39
Q

Lipopolysaccharide LPS

A
  • gram negative
  • endotoxin
  • low; fever, inflammation and immune response
  • high: shock, death, activation of blood clotting
40
Q

Quorum sensing

A

cells involved in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms

MICR 3343 (10 decks)

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