Campylobacter and Helicobacter

Question 1

Campylobacter

Answer 1

• thin
• curved
• gram-negative rod
• oxidase-positive
• nonfermenting
• microaerophilic

Question 2

Virulence Campylobacter

Answer 2

-factors that regulate adhesion, motility, and invasion into intestinal mucosa are poorly defined

Question 3

C. jejuni

Answer 3

• host: poultry (birds and mammals )
• Gastroenteritis
• extraintestinal infections
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• reactive arthritis
• Diarrhea is common
• SOURCE OF ISOLATION: FECES
• 32042 C

Question 4

C. coli

Answer 4

• host: Pigs

- Gastroenteritis, extraintestinal infections

Question 5

C. fetus

Answer 5

• host: Cattle, sheep

- Vascular infections (septicemia, endocarditis, septic thrombophlebitis)

Question 6

C. upsaliensis

Answer 6

• Host: dogs cats

- Gastroenteritis, extraintestinal infections, Guillain-barre syndrome

Question 7

Guillain Barre syndrome

Answer 7

-autoimmune disease caused by antigenic cross-reactivity between oligosaccharides in bacterial capsule and glycosphingolipids on the surface of neural tissues

Question 8

Acute enteritis

Answer 8

• most common disease
• diarrhea
• fever
• malaise
• abdominal pain

Question 9

Zoonotic infection

Answer 9

-improperly prepared poultry is a common source of human infections

Question 10

Is person to person spread usual

Answer 10

-No

Question 11

Infections are acquired by

Answer 11

-ingestion of contaminated food, unpasteurized milk, or contaminated water

Question 12

Diagnosis of Campylobacter

Answer 12

• antigens on stool

- specimen is moderately sensitive

Question 13

Gastroenteritis treatment

Answer 13

• infection is self-limited and is managed by fluid and electrolyte replacement

Question 14

Severe gastroenteritis and septicemia treatment

Answer 14

-treated with erythromycin or azithromycin

Question 15

how can gastroenteritis be prevented?

Answer 15

-proper preparation of food and consumption of pasteurized milk; preventing contamination of water supplies also controls infection

Question 16

Helicobacter

Answer 16

• curved
• gram-negative rods
• microaerophilic
• hydrogenase, oxidase, catalase, urease-positive

Question 17

H. pylori

Answer 17

• host: Humans, primates, pigs
• Gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue B-cell lymphomas
• Never diarrhea
• Source of isolation : Gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens
• 35-24 C

Question 18

H. cinaedi

Answer 18

• host: humans, hamsters

- Gastroenteritis, septicemia, proctocolitis

Question 19

H. fenneliae

Answer 19

• host: humans

- Gastroenteritis, septicemia, proctocolitis

Question 20

Virulence Helicobacter

Answer 20

• Urease production at very high levels is typical of gastric helicobacters (e.g., H. pylori) and uncommon in intestinal helicobacters (important diagnostic test for H. pylori)
• Multiple factors contribute to gastric colonization, inflammation, alteration of gastric acid production, and tissue destruction

Question 21

Disease Helicobacter

Answer 21

-H. pylori is an important cause of acute and chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

Question 22

Epidemiology Helicobacter

Answer 22

-Infections are common, particularly in people in a low socioeconomic class or in developing nations
-Humans are the primary reservoir
-Person-to-person spread is important
(typically fecal-oral)

Question 23

Diagnosis helicobacter

Answer 23

• microscopy
• urease test sensitive and specific
• Culture requires incubation in microaerophilic conditions; growth is slow; relatively insensitive unless multiple biopsies are cultured

Question 24

Treatment, prevention, and control Helicobacter

Answer 24

• H. pylori infections. Combined therapy with a proton pump inhibitor (e.g., omeprazole), a macrolide (e.g., clarithromycin), and a β-lactam (e.g., amoxicillin) for 2 weeks has had a high success rate
• Prophylactic treatment of colonized individuals has not been useful and potentially has adverse effects, such as predisposing patients to adenocarcinomas of the lower esophagus
• No vaccine