Cloning

Question 1

What two ways can plants be cloned?

Answer 1

Cuttings

Tissue culture

Question 2

What are cuttings?

Answer 2

Gardeners can take cuttings from good parent plants and then plant them to produce genetically identical copies of the parent plant

Question 3

What is a positive of cuttings?

Answer 3

These plants can be produced cheaply and quickly

Question 4

What is tissue culture?

Answer 4

This is where a few plant cells are put in a growth medium with hormones and they grow into new plants (clones of the parent plant)

Question 5

What is the positive of tissue culture?

Answer 5

These plants can be made very quickly, in very little space and can be grown all year round

Question 6

What two ways can animals be cloned?

Answer 6

Using embryo transplant

Using adult cell cloning

Question 7

What is an embryo transplant?

Answer 7

sperm cell taken from prize bull
Egg cell taken from prize cow
Sperm used to artificially fertilise an egg cell
The embryo that develops is split many times to produce clones
These clones embryos can be implanted into female cows to grow in to calves
Hundreds of ideal offspring can be produced this was every year

Question 8

What is adult cell cloning?

Answer 8

Involves taking an unfertilised egg and removing its genetic material
A complete set of chromosomes from a body fell is inserted into an empty egg cell
The egg cell is stimulated by an electric shock which makes it divide like a normal embryo
When the embryo is a ball of cells its implanted into an adult female to grow into a clone of the original adult body cell

Question 9

What sheep was created using adult cell cloning?

Answer 9

Dolly

Question 10

What is a clone?

Answer 10

A genetically identical copy

Question 11

What is a reduced gene pool?

Answer 11

A problem surrounding cloning meaning that there are fewer different alleles in a population so if a disease appeared there may be no allele in the population to give resistance to the disease so they would all be wiped out

Question 12

What are the positives of cloning?

Answer 12

Lots of ideal offspring created

Study of animal clones can lead to greater understanding of the development of the embryo

Can help preserve endangered species

Question 13

What are the negatives of cloning?

Answer 13

Clones animals may be less healthy than normal ones

Many people see it as unethical

Reduced gene pool