clios notes wwii Flashcards
the treaty that ended wwi and heavily punished germany
treaty of versailles
an international organization created after wwi. the US didnt join
league of nations
policy of remaining apart from affairs/interests of other groups
isolationism
limited ally naval power in 1922
washington naval agreement
dictator of italy in the 30s
benito mussilini
dictator of germany during the 30s
adolf hitler
japanese emperor during the 30s
hideki tojo
east african county invaded by italy in 1935
ethiopia
a region of china invaded by japan in 1931
manchuria
fascists try to take over spain in 1936-8
spanish civil war
series of acts passed by congress to limit travel, munitions selling, and making war loans
neutrality acts
made by roosevelt in 1937 in an attempt to push for isolating japan
quarantine speech
aviator who flew from nyc to paris and led the america first committee
charles lindbergh
promoted isolationism, led by charles lindbergh
america first committee
area of western germany that was rearmed in ‘35 (violating treaty of versailles)
rhineland
part of czechoslovakia that was the “last piece” of land hitler wanted
sudetenland
met with hitler to sign the munich pact. appeasement guy
neville chamberlain
you get sudetenland, but nothing else! (appeasement)
munich pact
giving into demand for a purpose
appeasement
agreement from soviet union to not fight hitler
german-soviet nonagression pact
US offered weapons but britain pays for and transports them
cash and carry
britain gets to borrow US stuff
lend-lease
harbor in hawaii that was invaded by japan
pearl harbor
date of pearl harbor attack
dec 7, 1941
what roosevelt said about 12/7/41
“a day that will live in infamy”
winston churchill, fdr, josef stalin
big 3
use heaviest forces in europe to begin with, not pacific
europe first
bypass enemy-held islands to get to japan quicker
island hopping
a surprise bomb attack on tokyo by 16 US bombers
doolittle raid
turning point in pacific war where 4 japanese carriers and 300 planes were destroyed
battle of midway
island where entrenched japanese fought to the death
iwo jima
island that had many japanese and put US air forces near japan
okinawa
japanese leaders ordered these attacks on US out of desperation
kamikaze
japanese cities that got atomic bombs in aug ‘45
hiroshima and nagasaki
plan to begin attacks at north africa
operation torch
where america attacked, going from sicily to italy
soft underbelly
what stalin called for, hopefully in the heart of german power
second front
where america and britain invaded france on june 6, 1944
normandy
the day the allies invaded normandy. june 6, 1944
d-day
codename for battle of normandy
operation overlord
supreme allied commander who led operation overlord
dwight eisenhower
the last-ditch german effort to defeat the allies
battle of the bulge
all-black air squadron
tuskegee airmen
most decorated unit, all young japanese men
442nd regiment
they encoded messages that the japanese never understood
navaho code talkers
women part of navy
WAVEs
women part of army
WACs
president who led america through wwii and gd
fdr
nickname for america when converting to wartime production
arsenal of democracy
roosevelts 1942 speech
four freedoms
roosevelt’s four freedoms
speech, want, worship, no fear
implemented by roosevelt in ‘42 to put japanese in camps
executive order 9066
he sued up to the supreme court, but lost
fred korematsu
jewish refugee ship that america turned down
st louis
symbol of women working in factories
rosie the riveter
in LA, pitted mexican american youth against bigoted sailors
zoot suit riots
created by african americans to end fascism abroad and racism at home
double V campaign
labor organizer who threatened a march on DC that convinced FDR to eliminate defense industry discrimination
A. phillip randolph
german inventions
jet aircraft and V1/V2 rockets
american inventions
computer, radar, antibiotics, sonar, proximity fuse
secret project developing atomic bombs
manhattan project
sent a letter to fdr that started manhattan project
albert einstein
desert in new mexico where atomic bomb was tested
alamogordo
replaced fdr and dropped atomic bombs on japan
harry truman
they recommended truman use the atomic bomb on japan
interim committee