clios notes 2-1 Flashcards
a period following the civil war that emphasized civil rights
reconstruction era
five sections formed in the reconstruction era to punish the south w/ troops
military districts
officially abolished slavery
13th amendment
guaranteed civil rights to african americans
14th amendment
let african american males vote
15th amendment
an agency of the early reconstruction era that assisted freedmen in the south
freedmen’s bureau
a charge of misconduct made against a public office holder
impeachment
17th president of the US after civil war. got impeached after republicans made opposing laws
andrew johnson
strict state segregation laws that reduced black rights
jim crow laws
a terrorist group arising at the end of the reconstruction era that enforced white rule through violence
ku klux klan
the idea that the US was destined by god to spread democracy and capitalism from sea to sea
manifest destiny
A train route finished in 1869 that connected the country together
Transcontinental railroad
An act passed in 1862 that provided 160 acres of federal land to anyone who agreed to farm on it
Homestead act
Is a religious group of people who moved West to escape persecution
Mormons
founder of mormonism who was later assassinated
Joseph Smith
A relatively small movement of Western farmers trying to escape high taxes, etc
grangers
a political party that believed in the struggles of the working man, not wealthy class
populists
He was a Democrat who run for president 3 times with some populist ideals. Author of “cross of gold” speech
William Bryan
a speech given by William Bryan to try to get silver standard back (cheaper money)
cross of gold
four big trends
innovation, industrialization, immigration, urbanization
The practice of developing and introducing new things
Innovation
Reorganizing an economy for the purpose of manufacturing
Industrialization
The act of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
Immigration
Is the shift from rural to urban societies
Urbanization
Factors of industrialization
Capitalist economy, hands off government, lots of natural resources, business form variety
1st easy way to mass produce steel
Bessemer process
Political idea of letting things take their own course (no interfering)
laissez faire
prominent national labor organization that wanted an 8 hour work day
Knights of labor
Umbrella organization for other unions at the time
American federation of labor
labor Union established in 1905
International workers of the world
He led the expansion of the steel industry through a new technique he popularized
Andrew Carnegie
Created the standard oil company and got rich
John D. Rockefeller
He was an investment broker who dominated Wall Street through the gilded age
JP Morgan
He was a shipping and railroad tycoon during the Golden Age
Cornelius Vanderbilt
A period of economic growth and flashy materialism from those on top
Gilded age
A loyal relationship where one person owns something to use it for another’s benefit
Trusts
A group of independent market participants trying to improve profits and dominate the market
Cartels
A trust created by John Rockefeller to control the oil industry
Standard oil trust
This is when a business dominates each step of making the product
Vertical integration
This is when a business controls other businesses
Horizontal integration
These, such as opportunity for work and religious persecution, brought in immigrants to the US
Push and pull factors
These were harsh during this era; crowded cities and lack of plumbing
Living conditions
Long hours, little pay, and unsafe buildings resulted in negative these
Working conditions
Is a geographical area (usually residential) that has a high population of one ethnicity
Ethnic enclaves
A party organization that exchanges benefits (money, jobs) for voting
Political machines
An effort to try to help new immigrants settle and assimilate into America’s culture, intending to promote patriotism and productivity
Americanization movement
a group of people who supported the Americanization movement
YMCA
These were structures devoted to helping poor and immigrant folks learn english, get health care, education, and more.
Settlement houses
Journalists/photographers who seek to uncover corruption and social hardships
Muckrakers
He was the social reformer who published how the other half lives
Jacob Riis
A book written by Jacob Riis that contained photos of New York slum living conditions
How the other half lives
He wrote the jungle, exposing the meat packing industry
Upton Sinclair
A book written by Upton Sinclair that exposed the meat packing industry
The jungle
He was a muckraker who exposed political machines in the shame of cities
Lincoln Steffens
A book written by Lincoln Steffens exposing political machines
The shame of cities
She revealed the illegal practices in the oil industry via a history of the standard oil company
Ida Tarbell
A book written by Ida Tarbell exposing the oil industry’s wrongs
A history of the standard oil company
They believe in survival of the fittest, in society
Social darwinists
Is an evangelist who liked social Darwinism
Dwight l Moody
A baseball player who also liked social Darwinism
Billy Sunday
It’s a social movement that tried to apply religion, saying church/society needs to help the less fortunate
Social gospel
He was a radical who wanted pure socialism
Eugene debs
This says that industrial matters should be regulated/owned by the community as a whole (put workers in charge!)
socialism
