clinpath 2: polycythemia and lymphoproliferative disorders Flashcards
what is polycythemia?
increased PCV. A better term would have been erythrocytosis.
relative polycythemia
hemoconcentration: It looks like its increased, but really the fluids is decreased. Dehydration is the most common causeFluid shifts (this can happen fairly suickly eg. Colitis)RedistributionExcitement and exercise (splenic contration)
absolute polycythemia
increased Epo that is either appropriate or inappropriate
appropriate increase
Chronic hypoxia, lung disease, heart disease
inappropriate
EPO secretion renal cysts, tumors (this one is not very common)- fooling the cells into thinking that they are hypoxic.
primary polycythmia
is a myeloproliferative disorder where all cell lines are affected
what is leukemia
presence of neoplastic cells in peripheral blood and/or bone marrow or spleen.
aleukemic leukemia
no white cells
subleukemic leukemia
normal white cells
leukemic leukemia
drastically high white cells
what is the difference bt acute and chronic leukemia
acute tends to have a lower degree of maturation, and therefore the prognosis is very poor with survival times being low (20% more more blast cells in the marrow) chronic leukemia tends to be characterized by mature white cells and the survival time is longer
lymphoproliferative disorders are
lymphocytes and plasma cells
myeloproliferative disorders
are cells of the bone marrow stem cells: neutrophils, erythrocytes, rarely eosinophils and basophils
> 35000 is>15000 and erlichia negative
is leukemia!!!!!!
acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Differentiate from stage V lymphomaLots of dogs presenting with multicentric lymphoma are leukemia50% of dogs with ALL will have lymphadenopathy
CBC associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Thrombocytopenia - Lymphocytosis (usually) - lymphoblasts in the bloodPrognosis is poor, course is rapid and progressive and respond poorly to therapyCats are usually younger and FeLV positive.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Cells are small and appear well differentiatedMost common in dogs, but can be in other species. Way more common in dogs than cats. Differentiate from other causes of lymphocytosisIf >35,000 its leukemia, but it can be lower and still be leukemia
two ddxs for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
stress/ excitement in cats; cat scratch fever
clinical signs of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
can either be asymptomatic, ill, lethargic, anorexia, pale mucosal membranes, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
lab findings chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Lymphocytosis(slightly greater to above 300,000Maybe anemia, thrombocytopeniaIncreased small lymphs in the bone marrowRarely monoclonal gammopathyCats are usually Fe-LV negative
CD 8
T cell
CD21
Bcell
CD 4-8-5
abberant T cells
CD34+
proginator cells