clin path: lab evaluation of serum and plasma proteins

Question 1

where do most proteins come from

Answer 1

the liver

Question 2

total protein is composed of?

Answer 2

albumin and globulins. refer to the graph (alpha, beta, ad gamma)

Question 3

what are two major roles of albumin

Answer 3

transport protein and the maintenance of plasma oncotic pressure

Question 4

what are the functions of alpha and beta globulins

Answer 4

inflammation
coagulation
transport

Question 5

what the the functions of gamma gobulins

Answer 5

immunity and they are made in lymphoid tissue

Question 6

fibrinogen is a___protein

Answer 6

beta

Question 7

where is fibrinogen made and what are its functions

Answer 7

the liver

coagulation; acute phase of inflammation

Question 8

what species is fibrinogen used as a marker of inflammation

Answer 8

horses, camelids, ruminants

Question 9

plasma vs serum proteins

Answer 9

plasma has all the proteins

serum has no fibrinogen

Question 10

when using a refractometer, what substances can mess with you total protein?

Answer 10

lipids, glucose, urea, cholesterol

Question 11

two main causes of hypoalbuminemia

Answer 11

decreased production

loss.

Question 12

what might a hypoalbumin\nemic animal

Answer 12

will be skinny and hungry

low glucose, cholesterol, urea, high globulins ( the liver cannot filter)

Question 13

what if you have a hypoalbuminemia from a protein losing nephropathy?

Answer 13

you will see high cholesterol

Question 14

if hypoalbunemia is caused by a protein losing enteropathy?

Answer 14

Low cholesterol and variable Mg; diarrhea; think little yorkies.

Question 15

hyperalbuminemia is almost always caused by

Answer 15

dehydration

Question 16

three main reasons for hypoglobinemia?

Answer 16

loss, decreased production, failure of passive transfer.

Question 17

example of hypoblobinemia caused by decreased production

Answer 17

Scids

Question 18

example of hypoalbuminemia caused by loss

Answer 18

hemorrhage, and a protein losing enteropathy

Question 19

causes of hyperglobinemia

Answer 19

dehydration; inflammation; neoplasia

Question 20

causes of panhypoproteinemia

Answer 20

protein losing enteropathy and blood loss

Question 21

DDxs for hypoalbuminemia

Answer 21

liver failure
severe malnutrition
PLN
effusions, vasculitis
skin, burns
hemorrhage
PLE

Question 22

DDxs for hypoglobinemia

Answer 22

SCIDS
failure of passive transfer
hemorrhage
PLE

Question 23

pan hyperproteinnemia is almost always because of

Answer 23

dehydration

Question 24

DDxs for hyperglobinemia

Answer 24

inflammation; neoplasia, dehydration

Question 25

can fibrinogen really contribute to protein increases

Answer 25

Naah they only do a little damage

Question 26

DDxs for hypofibrinogenemia

Answer 26

DIC and liverfailure

Question 27

DDxs for hyperfibrinogenemia

Answer 27

inflammation (acute phase) and renal disease (by some unknown mech in cats)