clin path: lab evaluation of serum and plasma proteins Flashcards
where do most proteins come from
the liver
total protein is composed of?
albumin and globulins. refer to the graph (alpha, beta, ad gamma)
what are two major roles of albumin
transport protein and the maintenance of plasma oncotic pressure
what are the functions of alpha and beta globulins
inflammation
coagulation
transport
what the the functions of gamma gobulins
immunity and they are made in lymphoid tissue
fibrinogen is a___protein
beta
where is fibrinogen made and what are its functions
the liver
coagulation; acute phase of inflammation
what species is fibrinogen used as a marker of inflammation
horses, camelids, ruminants
plasma vs serum proteins
plasma has all the proteins
serum has no fibrinogen
when using a refractometer, what substances can mess with you total protein?
lipids, glucose, urea, cholesterol
two main causes of hypoalbuminemia
decreased production
loss.
what might a hypoalbumin\nemic animal
will be skinny and hungry
low glucose, cholesterol, urea, high globulins ( the liver cannot filter)
what if you have a hypoalbuminemia from a protein losing nephropathy?
you will see high cholesterol
if hypoalbunemia is caused by a protein losing enteropathy?
Low cholesterol and variable Mg; diarrhea; think little yorkies.
hyperalbuminemia is almost always caused by
dehydration
three main reasons for hypoglobinemia?
loss, decreased production, failure of passive transfer.
example of hypoblobinemia caused by decreased production
Scids
example of hypoalbuminemia caused by loss
hemorrhage, and a protein losing enteropathy
causes of hyperglobinemia
dehydration; inflammation; neoplasia
causes of panhypoproteinemia
protein losing enteropathy and blood loss
DDxs for hypoalbuminemia
liver failure severe malnutrition PLN effusions, vasculitis skin, burns hemorrhage PLE
DDxs for hypoglobinemia
SCIDS
failure of passive transfer
hemorrhage
PLE
pan hyperproteinnemia is almost always because of
dehydration
DDxs for hyperglobinemia
inflammation; neoplasia, dehydration
can fibrinogen really contribute to protein increases
Naah they only do a little damage
DDxs for hypofibrinogenemia
DIC and liverfailure
DDxs for hyperfibrinogenemia
inflammation (acute phase) and renal disease (by some unknown mech in cats)
